Fins-TD-05 John N. Warfield, Systems Engineering Bibliography A bibliography of books and papers relevant to complexity, organization, and design (August 1997) _________________________________________________________________ Systems Engineering Bibliography John N. Warfield _________________________________________________________________ A Bibliography of Books and Papers Relevant to Complexity, Organizations and Design., 2nd rev. ed., compiled by John N. Warfield. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences (IASIS), George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. The order of listing is chronological. Topics include: * Systems Theory * Interactive Management * Policy Sciences * Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) Background At one time the full collection of THE IASIS FILE was kept at George Mason University's Main Library, but the papers were moved to Mexico in July, 1994, where a more receptive climate for their study and use was in evidence. The first purpose of this collection, begun over 20 years ago, was to document the development and use of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), following its initial development at Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, in the early seventies. Additional papers, from the eighties and nineties, refer to the development of ISM and its incorporation into a Science of Generic Design, which was primarily conceived and taught at the Center for Interactive Management at two Virginia universities, the University of Virginia, at Charlottesville, and George Mason University, in Fairfax, Virginia. Annotations, which follow nearly all of the listings, were provided by Rosamond Warfield and other IASIS secretaries. Bibliography Dewey, John and Arthur F. Bentley, Knowing and the Known (Excerpt, pages 313329). Beacon Press, Boston, (1949). This is a letter written by Dewey to a colleague, and the letter has been published as an Appendix to the Dewey/Bentley work. Dewey praises works of 19th century philosophers as a basis for his own philosophical inquiries. Miller, George A., The Magical Number Seven, Plus Or Minus Two: Some Limits On Our Capacity For Processing Information. Psychological Review v63 n2 (March 1956) A psychologist studies human shortterm memory, and concludes that the maximum number of items which the human brain can retain in short term memory is "usually somewhere in the neighborhood of seven". Vickers, Geoffrey, Control, Stability and Choice, the Ninth Wallberg Lecture, October 30, 1956. Applied Science & Engineering, University of Toronto Press (1956) 23p. A discourse on the relationships between individual engineering designers and the institutions and organizations within which they must operate, with suggestions for effectiveness and successful planning. Lasswell, Harold D., Technique of Decision Seminars MidwestJ. Political Science v4 n3 August (1960) 213-236. Suggestions for improving group decision making by study of the operational characteristics of the decision process. Detailed lists for data handling, scope definitions, roles, etc. This is a refinement and more detailed extension of his 1956 speech at the University of Maryland. Tuckman, Bruce W., Developmental Sequence in Small Groups Psychological Bulletin v63 n6 (1965) 384-399. After surveying 50 articles written by behavioral scientists on the subject of group behavior, this author concludes that in all types of group work the participants can be seen to go through four developmental stages, which he calls `Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing.' McGrath, Joseph E. and Irwin Altman, Small Group Research: A Synthesis and Critique of the Field, Part 2, Perspectives on the Small Group Field, pp. 4498. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, (1966). A study of the research that is being done in small groups, includes a lengthy bibliography of the various research projects and authors. Ackoff, Russell L., Toward an Idealized University, Guest Editorial. Management Science v15 n4 (December 1968) Ackoff suggests corrective measures in a conceptual framework of change in which goals are approached as ideals, which will change over a span of time, dealing with strategic long range planning, tenure questions, administration, research, etc. Kamrany, N. and A. Christakis, Systems Approach to Public Policy Estimation: Urban Planning at the County Level. Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci v3 (1969) This paper proposes a systems formula for measuring the value of varying development plans, at the level of a county government. Dayton, R. W., E. R. Irish and J. N. Warfield, Proposed Study of Developing Improved Methods for Dealing With Complex Societal Problems (for) Science & Human Affairs Program. Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (November 23, 1971) 38p. plus appendices. Nicknamed `The Gold Book,' this is an inhouse publication of a proposal for a large long-range project, designed to develop improved techniques for dealing with complex societal problems, to be conducted under the sponsorship of Battelle's `Science and Human Affairs Program'. Warfield, J. N. and J. D. Hill, The DELTA chart: A Method for R&D Project Portrayal. IEEE Trans. on Engineering Management vEM18 n4 (November 1971) 132-139. A description of a new kind of flowchart, designed to incorporate not only events and activities but also decision and logic functions. DELTA charts can display a number of different options, as well as `loops' in project plans, at the research and development stage . Schelling, Thomas C., On the Ecology of Micromotives. The Public Interest n25 (Fall 1971) A paper on the psychology and social implications of public policy planning, with a plea for better social tools and organizations. Gabus, A. and E. Fontela, World Problems, An Invitation to Further Thought Within the Framework of DEMATEL. Battelle Geneva Research Centre, Geneva, Switzerland (1972) 58p., variously paged. This publication serves as a workbook/survey in which DEMATEL (DEcision MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) asks the reader/participants for their perception of world problems. The aim of the DEMATEL research project is to acquire a better understanding of the world problematique and to contribute to the search for integrated solutions. McLeod, John, Surveying the Simulation Scene: Ongoing Projects Toward the Solution of Problems of Society. Simulation v19 n1 (July 1972) p.31. This one-page essay gives an overview of Battelle's DEMATEL project. (DEMATEL = DEcision MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory). The essay discusses principal areas of effort and which Battelle organizations are handling which tasks of the project. Hill, J. D. and J. N. Warfield, Unified Program Planning. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC2 n5 (November 1972) A presentation of philosophical and mathematical fundamentals for techniques in the participative methodologies, for use in problem solving. Proceeding from problem definition, a value system design and system synthesis steps are discussed, and interrelated through use of interaction matrices. Particular emphasis is given to defining objectives and measuring the attainment of objectives. Christakis, A. N., Regional Economic Development Futures. Futures (March 1972) 1223. A presentation of methods for obtaining consideration of alternatives in planning for economic development on a regional basis. Warfield, J. N. and J. Douglas Hill, A Unified Systems Engineering Concept (Battelle Monograph No. 1). Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (June 1972) 137p. variously paged A manual for systems engineers. Contains information on design of tree structures, interaction planning and management, the DELTA chart, problem definition, value system, analysis and optimizations, etc. Warfield, John N., Participative Methodology for Public System Planning. Computers & Electrical Engineering v1 n1 (1973) [Reprinted from Proceedings International Symposium On Systems Engineering And Analysis, October 23-27, 1972, v1. Purdue University Schools of Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana (1972) 23-40] In his October 1972 Symposium presentation, Warfield described for the first time in public his new Interpretive Structural Modeling concept, a methodology by which complex problems could be graphically displayed for group study. Lasswell, Harold D., Preview of the Policy Sciences, (Excerpts, pp. 1524,39,42,43,5557). American Elsevier, NY, No date.(circa 1972). From JNW's Accopress binder collection of Articles by Lasswell and others on Policy. These are parts of two chapters: `Contextuality: Mapping Social and Decision Processes' and `Problem Orientation: Intellectual Tasks.' Lasswell, Harold D., Decision Seminars: The Contextual Use of Audiovisual Means in Teaching, Research and Consultation, Chapter 22 in Comparing Nations (author unknown),pp.499524. No date (circa 1972). Lasswell in this paper attempts to show how a contextual policysolving approach, enhanced by his chart and map room, can be furthered by the systematic employment of audiovisual means. Jantsch, Erich, Education For Design. Futures (September 1972) The author advocates a holistic approach with emphasis on human experience and participation. Gabus, Andre, The Purpose of Contemporary Society and the DEMATEL Research Project. Battelle Geneva Research Centre, Geneva, Switzerland (1973) 15p. Extracts of a presentation to the Japan Section of the Club of Rome meeting, Tokyo, March 27, 1973. Gabus, A. and E. Fontela, Perceptions of the World Problematique: Communication Procedure, Communicating With Those Bearing Collective Responsibility (DEMATEL Report No. 1). Battelle Geneva Research Centre, Geneva, Switzerland (1973) 27p. variously paged. Many difficulties arise at the level of individual or collective perception regarding an ideal world society. Currently world societies are fragmented and antagonistic. It was decided to take the problems of which people are aware as the starting point of the search for a pattern of goals for a future world society. Warfield, John N. (with) contributions by J. D. Hill, An Assault on Complexity (Battelle Monograph No. 3). Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (April 1973) 162p. A presentation of philosophical and mathematical fundamentals for techniques in the participative methodologies, for use in societal problem solving. This book is also available from the Fenwick Library George Mason University, and Library of Congress, using Call No. H61 .W37. Warfield, John N., Binary Matrices in System Modeling.IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC3 n5 (September 1973) 441-448. A tutorial paper which conducts the reader through the use of transitive relationships when constructing binary matrices which are the bases of structural models. Includes decomposition methods, feedback loops in a matrix format and partitioning of the matrix on the basis of supplied data entries. Warfield, John N., Constructing Operational Value Systems for Proposed Two Unit Coalitions. Proc. 1973 IEEE Conference on Decision & Control, San Diego, December 5-7, IEEE, N.Y. (1973) 204-213. A methodology is described for exploration and systematic development of the basis for a coalition of two social units, using computer assistance in developing the structural character of the basis. A joint intent structure and a conflict structure form the basis for consideration of a coalition, with three types of cycles being of special concern in the exploration. Warfield, John N. Intent Structures. IEEE Trans. on Systems Man & Cybernetics vSMC3 n2 (March 1973) A discussion of the difficulties in the process of goal formation is followed by a presentation of a `practical mechanism for use in individual or group formation of goals' by use of structural modeling which produces results more effective than the conventional organizational charts, and can also serve as a basis for managing complex system programs. Examples of intent structures are given which relate to education and new city design. Warfield, John N., On Arranging Elements of a Hierarchy in Graphic Form. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC3 n2 (March 1973) Methods are presented that assist in the development of hierarchy or a set of hierarchies, with computer assistance in determination of hierarchical relations between the elements, including development of a subordination matrix. Two methods - the element method and the level method - are given; each method is illustrated with an example. Warfield, John N. and David Malone, Preliminary Specifications for a Computer System to Augment the Interpretive Structural Modeling Process, A Computer Program. Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (1973) 24p. This report is an outline of a computer program used to augment the interpretive structural modeling process. Sections include an Overview, Protocol and Interactive Dialogue, Systems Structure, Process Structure, Data Structure and Hardware Considerations. Rittel, Horst W. J., State of the Art in Design Methods...an interview with Prof. Rittel by Donald P. Grant & JeanPierre Protzen. DMGDRS Journal: Design Research & Methods v7 n2 (AprilJune 1973) Rittel, a professor of Science of Design at the University of California, Berkeley, gives his views of the areas which need further work in the field of design science, warning against oversimplification of the concepts. El-Mokadem, A., J. N. Warfield, D. Pollick and K. Kawamura, Modularization of Large Econometric Models: An Application of Structural Modeling. In M. Baldwin (ed.), Portraits of Complexity (Battelle Monograph No. 9), Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Oh (1975) 194-201. [Reprinted from Proc. 1974 IEEE Conference on Decision & Control, November 1974, IEEE, NY (1974)] Current worldwide economic difficulties suggest that there is a need for methods that lend greater insight into what Econometric models tell us. It is also desirable to find simple methods for solving such models. Methods drawn from interpretive structural modeling are shown to provide a very simple solution technique for a 52equation Econometric model, and a flexible, modular interpretation of the model. Hencley, Stephen P., Contextual Mapping and Future Study. Chapter 2 in Hencley & Yates, Futurism in Education: Methodologies, McCutcham Publ. Corp., Berkeley, CA (1974) M'Pherson, P. K., A Perspective on Systems Science and Systems Philosophy. Futures (June 1974) 219239. Warfield, John N., Developing Interconnection Matrices in Structural Modeling. IEEE Trans. on Systems. Man, and Cybernetics vSMC4 n1 (January 1974) A procedure is described for developing an interconnection matrix that specifies a cascade connection of two known digraphs to form a digraph. The solution of this form of the interconnection problem can be applied to complete the process of description of a binary relation initiated by the process of partitioning on elements described in a companion paper. It is assumed the contextual relation being modeled is transitive. Warfield, John N., Developing Subsystem Matrices in Structural Modeling. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC4 n1 (January 1974) A requirement for structural modeling is that data be acquired and organized into a form from which a structural model can be developed. A reachability matrix is one such form, useful when the contextual relation being modeled is transitive and multilevel. The author shows how to order the elements of a system in such a way that much of the data required can be computed from supplied data (given transitivity). Warfield, John N., An Interim Look at Uses of Interpretive Structural Modeling. Research Futures 3rd Quarter, 1974, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (1974) Warfield, John N., Structuring Complex Systems (Battelle Monograph No. 4). Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (April 1974) 92p. This book gives the mathematical basis for writing software which will put interpretive structural models into graphic form. This book is also available from the Fenwick Library, George Mason University and from Library of Congress, using Call No. QA402 .W37. Warfield, John N., Toward Interpretation of Complex Structural Models. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC4 n5 (September 1974). A requirement for structural modeling is that data be acquired and organized into a form from which a structural model can be developed. A reachability matrix is one such form, useful when the contextual relation being modeled is transitive and multilevel. The author shows how to order the elements of a system in such a way that much of the data required can be computed from supplied data (given transitivity). Waller, Robert J., Application of Interpretive Structural Modeling in the Field of Special Education. Proc. 1974 Conference on Decision & Control, November 1974, IEEE, NY (1974) Interpretive structural modeling techniques are applied to the analysis of the learning disabled. Simon, Herbert A., How Big Is a Chunk? Science v183 (February 8, 1974) In this paper on human memory and complexity, Simon reviews and develops further the `magical number' concept from Miller's work, and combines a study of short attention span with studies of time needed to `fix' an item in long term memory. He concurs with Miller's findings, but maintains the importance of considering `chunk length', and feels that generally Miller's magical number should be five, rather than seven. Kawamura, Kazuhiko K., Interpretive Structural Modeling: An Overview and its Application to Participatory Planning of Social Problems. Presented at IEEE Columbus Section Seminar, Columbus, Ohio (April 17, 1974). OCLC Number: 20137780. Available M.I.T. Library, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Call Number HN 28 .k3 1974. 48p. 28cm. in library binding. This was an unpublished paper presented and distributed to conference attendees at the IEEE Columbus Section Seminar, held on April 17, 1974. It includes bibliographical references. It was the paper which Andy Sage made use of in writing in his 1977 book titled Methodology for Large Scale Systems. There was an error in this paper, which Andy also used, so the original error from Kawamura's 1974 paper remains intact, in Andy's published book. Lukasiewicz, Julius, The Ignorance Explosion. Leonardo, Intnl J. Contemporary Artist. v7 n2 (Spring 1974) The author is/was at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, Dept. of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering. The paper discusses human limits versus civilized complexity. Unified Planning Methodology Development for a State Agency in Louisiana. Battelle-Columbus Overview No. 2: Research for State and Local Government. Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (June 1975) 4p. The Overview is a newsletter distributed by Battelle. Baldwin, Maynard M. (ed.), Portraits of Complexity: Applications of Systems Methodologies to Societal Problems (Battelle Monograph No. 9). Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (June 1975) 222p. Published by Battelle as a recognition of the work of John N. Warfield this book is a compilation of 21 articles written by his colleagues at Battelle and elsewhere. Each article discusses some facet of the research which was spearheaded by Warfield, dealing with the methodology for solving complex issues. This book is also available from Fenwick Library, George Mason University and from Library of Congress, using Call No. H61 .P589. Brill, Evan, Grady Clendening and David Malone, Interpretive Structural Modeling System, Vol. I: USER'S GUIDE. Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, OH (February 1975) 72p., variously paged. A User's Guide to accompany the first generation of software written for Interpretive Structural Modeling. Brill, Evan, Grady Clendening and David Malone, Interpretive Structural Modeling System, Vol. II: PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL. Battelle Columbus Laboratories (February 1975) 7lp. variously paged. This manual, and its companion (Volume I) provide the user with information concerning the first generation ISM software, called ISMS. Flow charts and Fortran code listings are given. Fabus, A. and E. Fontela, Perceptions of the World Problematique, Results of a Pilot Survey (DEMATEL Report No. 3). Battelle Geneva Research Centre, Geneva, Switzerland (1975) 83p. variously paged. This report deals with the characteristics and results of a pilot survey which was conducted for the study of world problems, using a methodology which it is believed can improve understanding of the world problematique and can contribute to identification of workable solutions at a global level. Fitz, Raymond, Interpretive Structural Modeling and the Policy Planning Process. Proc. of the 6th Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1975, Instrument Society of America (1975) Describes the use of interpretive structural modeling as a policy planning tool in dealing with the problems of underdeveloped nations, specifically in the Sahel desert region of Africa. Two examples are developed - the first is that of an interdisciplinary research team, and the second example illustrates the use of ISM in a learning decision seminar. Fitz, Raymond, Reflections on Interpretive Structural Modeling as a Technology of Social Learning. Proc. of the 6th Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1975, Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh (1975) Hart, William L. and David W. Malone, Goal Setting for a State Environmental Agency. Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (1975) 7p. Hawthorne, Robert W. and A. P. Sage, On Application of Interpretive Structural Modeling to Higher Education Planning. Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci. v9 (1975) Kawamura, Kazuhiko, Application of a Planning and Decision-making Methodology to Water Resource Development Projects in Japan. (Presented at Sixth Annual Conference Environmental Design Research Assn., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, April 20-23,1975) Battelle Columbus Laboratories (1975) 18p. Report on an environmental impact assessment workshop presented for the Japan Ministry of Construction, held in Bisai, Japan, December 3 - 11, 1974. To help the Ministry develop a decision structure for comprehensive water resource planning, a systemic planning and decision-making methodology was presented. Kawamura, Kazuhiko and David W. Malone, Structuring Objectives in a Systematic Decision-Making Methodology. Proc. of the 6th Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1975, Instrument Society of America (1975) Malone, David W., Introduction to the Application of Interpretive Structural Modeling. Proc. of the IEEE v63 n3 Annals #503PR008, March 1975, IEEE, NY (1975) Serving as an introduction to the fundamental concepts and operations of Interpretive Structural Modeling, this paper reports on two ISM exercises conducted with a group of graduate students who had minimal mathematical training. The first involved the structuring of personal values; the second was a group exercise focusing on barriers to investment in the central city. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Final Report on the Development of a Statement of Objectives for the Safeguards Program (for) NRC Special Studies Project, June 30, 1975. Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, OH (1975) approx 90 p. variously paged. This was one of the earlier ISM exercises, conducted at Battelle Columbus Labs under the sponsorship of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Sage, Andrew P., Hierarchical Structure and Parameter Identification in Large-Scale Systems. (Supported by NSF Grant #ENG7421679)(1975) 4p. A summary review of recent work by other authors. Waller, Robert J., Interpretive Structural Modeling: Reflections on its Current State and Some Speculations About its Future Application. Proc. of the 6th Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1975, Instrument Society of America (1975) The author suggests possible areas for further research regarding the linkage between ISM and the ability of humans to deal with complexity. Warfield, John N., Improving Behavior in Policymaking, Approaches to Problem Solving No. 2 (Academy for Contemporary Problems Monograph). Academy for Contemporary Problems, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH August 1975) 29p. A study of policymaking and human behavior as it relates to the policymaking process. Warfield, John N., H. Geschka and R. Hamilton, Methods of Idea Management, Approaches to Problem-solving No.4 (Academy for Contemporary Problems Monograph). Academy for Contemporary Problems, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (August 1975). 21p. A concise outline of various useful methodologies for conducting productive meetings in which group decisions are made. Warfield, John N., Profiles of Metapolicy,(Conference paper No. TuPm 1-1) Proc. of the 1975 Conference on Cybernetics & Society, September 1975, IEEE, NY (1975)4p. Defining a `metapolicy' as a policy for how policymaking will be carried out, the author discusses six important policymaking dimensions in which human behavior can constrain or restrict policy choices. The paper concludes with suggestions for unconventional methods, employing technology to support selected idea actions, to negate certain of these behavioral constraints. Warfield, John N., TOTOS: Improving Group Problem Solving, Approaches to Problem Solving No. 3 (Academy for Contemporary Problems Monograph). Academy for Contemporary Problems, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (August 1975) 13p. A survey of methods for group problem-solving, written to provide a `primer-introduction' to these methods, for persons unfamiliar with systematic thinking on this subject. Warfield, John N., Transitive Interconnection of Transitive Structures. Proc. of the 6th Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1975, Instrument Society of America (1975) The need for transitive interconnection of two transitive, multilevel structures occurs in interpretive structural modeling. The theory of such interconnection is given. Some implications for the modeling process are discussed. Waller, Robert J., Application of Interpretive Structural Modeling to Priority-Setting in Urban Systems Management. In M. Baldwin (ed.), Portraits of Complexity (Battelle Monograph No. 9), Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Oh (1975) Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) was used to assist a planning and zoning commission and a city council in setting priorities as part of a five-year capital improvements plan, in Cedar Falls, Iowa. Warfield, John N., Final Report on Complexity in Human Affairs to Battelle Institute and The Academy for Contemporary Problems, January 2, 1975. Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio (1975) viii, 173 leaves A review of work done at Battelle Institute's Academy of Contemporary Problems to develop and disseminate Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and its associated methodologies. The report includes lists of persons associated with this effort, lists of organizations and persons who requested and received information on the process, and a list of ISM exercises held at Battelle during 1974. Problems of complexity are addressed by use of a set of methods consciously employed to help generate and structure ideas. This book is in Library of Congress, Call No. H61 .W373. Krippendorff, Klaus, Some Principles of Information Storage and Retrieval in Society. General Systems vXX (1975) Braud, Dewitt H., Jr., Donna M. Irvin and Kazuhiko Kawamura, Implementation of Interpretive Structural Modeling in a State-Level Planning Context. Proc. of the 7th Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1976, Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh (1976) Christakis, Alexander N., An Appreciation of Contemporary Settlement Morphology. Futures v8 n3 (June 1976) 13p. Farris, Donald R. and Dick K. Blandford, On the Use of Technological Aids, Methodologies, and Structure in Decision Making - Policy and Implementation. Proc. of the 7th Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1976, Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh (1976) Elmaghraby, S. E., Book Review of Societal Systems by J.N. Warfield, Wiley, c1976. Interfaces (19771988) 5p. A five-page manuscript, of a review planned for publication in the journal Interfaces Fertig, Janet A. and John N. Warfield, Relations and Decision Making. Proc. of the 7th Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1976, Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh (1976) The authors suggest more detailed and careful attention to selecting contextual relations to be used in decision making, in order to improve the quality and shorten the time required to reach decisions. To facilitate the selection of a suitable contextual relation in a given situation, classifications of relations are being developed. Fitz, Raymond and Joanne Troha, Experiment in Mapping Urban Vitality: A Summary of the Dayton City Commission's Workshop on Interpretive Structural Modeling. University of Dayton Engineering Management Program (November 15, 1976) 38p. variously paged. A report on the use of Interpretive Structural Modeling in the city of Dayton, Ohio which was prepared by the Engineering and Public Policy Group of the Engineering Management Program, University of Dayton. Fitz, Raymond, Organizing for Development Planning: Methodology, Models and Communication. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Washington, D.C., November 1-3, 1976, IEEE, NY (1976) Fitz, Raymond, and Daniel Hornbach, Participative Methodology for Designing Dynamic Models Through Structural Models. Proc. of the 7th Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1976, Instrument Society of America (1976) In this paper a methodology for involving decision-makers in the development of the dynamic models of ecosystems is outlined. The use of ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) is illustrated by the construction of a model for the long range dynamics of the Sahelian Ecosystem of sub-Saharan Africa. Geiger, Donald and Raymond Fitz, Design of a Sustainable Human Ecosystem (Working Paper No. 6). Strategies for Responsible Development (SRD), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH (1976) 40p. A description of how ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) can serve as a tool for engaging interest groups such as development agencies and national governments in a dialogue about values and preferences that should be incorporated into a meaningful regional plan for a complex human ecosystem which would be capable of producing sufficient food and nutrition over the long term. Geiger, Donald and Raymond Fitz, Structural Modeling and Normative Planning for Ecosystems. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Washington, D.C., November 1-3, IEEE, NY (1976) Hawthorne, Robert W., Structuring an Information System for Resource Allocation. Proc. of the 7th Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1976, Instrument Society America (1976) Holtham, Clive, Book review of Societal Systems by J. N. Warfield. Operational Research v1 (1976). Hornbach, Daniel, Judy Calfee and Edward Zamierowski, Anticipating the Consequences of Development Projects: An Example of a Water Utilization Project. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Washington, D.C., November 1-3, 1976, IEEE, NY (1976) McLean, Mick and Paul Shepherd, The Importance of Model Structure. Futures (February 1976) 4051. A survey is presented of some automatic procedures which the authors have developed which they believe to be an essential balance in the methodology of modeling. Ragade, Rammohan K., Fuzzy Interpretive Structural Modeling. Journal of Cybernetics v6 (1976) It is shown in this paper that it is possible to develop fuzzy structuring methods. Sage, Andrew P. and David W. Rajala, On Structural Relationships in Decision Analysis. Proc. of the 7th Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1976, Instrument Society of America (1976) This paper shows how ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) can be used to obtain a hierarchical deductive inference structure among relevant elements in a decision analysis problem. Sage, Andrew P. and David W. Rajala, On the Use of Structure in Determination of Multi-Attribute Utility Functions. Proc. of the 7th Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1976, Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh (1976) Waller, Robert J., Synthesis of Hierarchical Structures: Technique and Applications. Decision Sciences v7 (1976) The author describes a methodology which provides "a systematic and efficient approach to the synthesis of hierarchies, regardless of their size or intricacy." Two examples are given, and further suggestions of possible applications emphasize the significance of understanding and utilizing hierarchical theory in the decision and policy sciences. Warfield, John N., Extending Interpretive Structural Modeling. Proc. of the 7th Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 1976, Instrument Society of America (1976) A survey of the types of research, study and applications needed to bring the new tool of Interpretive Structural Modeling into its full potential. Suggestions by the author include more and better computer programs, training of session leaders, development of the theory of cycles, development of computerized graphical displays, and increased help for the use of the process by the non-mathematical user. Warfield, John N.,Extensions of Interpretive Structural Modeling: A Report to the National Science Foundation (RLES #UVA/526047/EE76/101). Research Labs for the Engineering Sciences, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (December 1976) 8p. An annual report for Grant No. ENG7517609, submitted to the Systems Theory and Applications Program, Engineering Division, National Science Foundation. See also the NSF Final Report, with the same title in IASIS File No. 78/023. The purpose of the NSF grant was to provide a survey of the uses and applications of ISM. Warfield, John N., Implication Structures for Systems Interconnection Matrices. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC6 n1 (January 1976) In this paper the `bordering theorem' is reworked and completed, following its first appearance in incomplete form in 1974. The problem of interconnecting two multilevel subsystems models defined by binary matrices A and B and a common, transitive, contextual relation to form a system model defined by matrix M is solved. Warfield, John N., Societal Systems: Planning, Policy and Complexity. Wiley, NY (1976) 490p. [Reprinted by Intersystems, Salinas, CA (1989)] A description of a unique methodology for coping with complexity -Interpretive Structural Modeling - which, with its efficient and rapid organization of knowledge, can become the basis for dramatic social gains. The book contains all of the theoretical and mathematical background for the ISM process. This book is available from the Fenwick Library, George Mason University, and the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Call No. H61.W3737.(This book has been translated into the Chinese language, in a publication issued in 1993, Wuhan, China). White, Harrison C., Scotts A. Boorman and Ronald L. Breiger, Social Structure From Multiple Networks: Blockmodels of Roles and Positions. American J. of Sociology v81 n4 (1976) Zamierowski, Edward, Daniel Hornbach and Raymond Fitz, Ecological Components of Climax Agriculture: An Example of Structuring Feedback Systems. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics & Society, Washington, D.C. November 1-3, 1976, IEEE, NY (1976) A study of a `restoration' project which had evolved into a disaster. Interpretive Structural Modeling is applied in an analysis of cycles operating in the African Sahelian desert, and shows how outside intervention can quickly deteriorate an operating system, emphasizing the difficulty of restoring a system to its previous balance, or to any balance at all. Carss, Brian W., Lloyd D. Logan and Laurence R. Miller, Establishing Priorities for In Service Programs Through Participatory Decision-Making Using an Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach. School of Education, University of Queensland, Brisbane (1977) 20p. A paper presented at the Australian Council for Educational Administration Fourth National Conference, University of Queensland, Brisbane August 21-26, 1977. Carss, Brian W., Example of Participative Planning in Education Using Interpretive Structural Modeling, a Computer-based Decisionmaking Technique. School of Education, Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, (1977) 15p. This paper describes an application of ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) to the development of a set of policies to guide primary education in a large state educational system in Australia. The links between the policy formation process, the development of strategies of implementation and the evaluation monitoring process are traced. Carss, Brian W., Recording an Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) Session Without the Aid of a Computer. School of Education, University of Queensland, Brisbane (1977) 15p. This paper discusses the use of the ISM process without the aid of the computer. The session was being run as part of the Queensland Primary inservice policy study (1976). During this session, they developed a simple manual recording scheme that freed the ISM session from their need to be located near a computer terminal. Cline, R. R., MAP-PACK: A Computer-Aided Digraph Manipulation Package, a Report Prepared for Professor J.N. Warfield, (Spring Semester, 1977). Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. 122p., variously paged. A computer-software package which implements several of the digraph map line crossing reduction algorithms mentioned by Warfield in his paper `Crossing Theory and Hierarchy Mapping' Fitz, Raymond, Book review of Societal Systems by J. N. Warfield. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC7 n10 (October 1977) Jedlicka, Allen D., Interpretive Structural Modeling and Transfer of Technology to Subsistence Farmers in Mexico. School of Business, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA (1977) 14p. A paper presented at the 1977 American Institute for Decision Sciences National Meeting, Chicago, October 21, 1977. Kawamura, K., Conducting Issue-Focused Workshops as an Aid to Policy and Program Planning Capabilities (A Battelle "Capabilities" statement). Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Colunbus, OH (December 21, 1977) 20p. Kawamura, Kazuhiko, Interpretive Structural Modeling. J. Society of Instrument & Control Engineers v16 n1 (1977) The text of this paper is written in the Japanese language, and was published in a Japanese journal, in a Special Issue on Society and Control. Kawamura, Kazuhiko and Donald G. Sherrill, An Interpretive Structural Modeling Workshop, Final Report to Eastern Energy & Land Use Group, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, OH (July 1819, 1977) 18p. Kent State University, ISM-KSU Version: User Instructions.(circa 1977) 6p. Developed at Kent State University, probably sent to us by Carl Moore, this is a User's Guide for an ISM program. The program is designed to be used interactively utilizing the CANDE programming instructions. The program is to be used on either a CRT or printer. Due to the interactive nature of the program, it cannot be run using batch processing. Sage, Andrew P. and Thomas J. Smith, On Group Assessment of Utility and Worth Attributes Using Interpretive Structural Modeling. Computers & Electrical Engr. v4 (1977) This paper develops a special purpose ISM methodology to determine single sink digraph tree structures for attribute assessment. Sage, Andrew P., On Interpretive Structural Models for Single Sink Digraph Trees. Proc. Intnl. Conference on Cybernetics & Society, IEEE, NY (1977) This paper talks about ISM theory, but calls it `group conveyance' `digraph tree' and `attribute utility worth assessment'. Warfield, John N., Crossing Theory and Hierarchy Mapping. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC7 n7 (July 1977) Techniques are introduced which are applicable to machine construction of digraph maps. See also IASIS File 77/004, for a software package based on this paper, written by R. R. Cline. Elgin, Duane S., Limits to the Management of Large, Complex Systems, Vol. II of Peter Schwartz & William Harmon, Assessment of Future National and International Problem Areas, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA (February 1977) 77p. This was a research project for the Science and Technology Policy Office(STPO) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) `in support of the Director of NSF in his role as Presidential Science Advisor'. The author states that it was a `first experiment in applying systematic approaches' to anticipate and assess future critical problems. Christakis, Alexander N. and Walter J. Bogan, Jr., The Concept of the Regional Environmental Learning System. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics & Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-8, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) was used in group sessions composed of environmentalists, decision-makers and educators to explore and identify the mission and operational objectives of the Regional Environmental Learning idea. Fontela, Emilio et Andre Gabus, La Problematique Mondiale: L'enquete DEMATEL. Futuribles n18 (Mars-Avril 1978) This article is in the French language. Fontela, Emiilio and Manfred Gilli, Analysis of the Causal Structure of Economic Models. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) Funabashi, Motohisa, Kazuo Nakao, Mikihiko Ohnari and Hiroyuki Maezawa, A Formal Model and Multidimensional Scaling for Participative Conceptualization. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-5, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) A description of a problem solving process emphasizing behavioral mechanisms and group processing, using a stochastic transition structure applying a multidimensional scaling algorithm, with examples of use of the method at early stages of corporate strategic planning. Haruna, Koichi and Norihasa Komoda, An Algorithm for Structural Sensitivity Analysis in Structural Modeling. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) Both ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) and DEMATEL are mentioned in this paper, which deals with algorithms for structural models being developed in Japan, which are presented as refinements of ISM. House, Robert W., Application of ISM in Brazil's Alcohol Fuel Program. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) Describes use of ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) as a tool for planning in the Brazilian National Alcohol Program, a system for producing alcohol from sugar-cane and other crops and for developing engines to use alcohol as fuel. Keaton, Alvin (ed.) with NASA-ASEE 1978 Engineering System Design Fellows, Air Cargo: An Integrated Systems View (NASA/ASEE Report No. CR145384). National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Langley Research Center/Old Dominion University, Hampton, VA (September 1978) 322p. A report from the 1978 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program in Engineering Systems Design, held at National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Langley Research Center and Old Dominion University. Contains a bibliography in which the book Societal Systems is described as a resource. Kitagawa, Tosio, Informatical Formulation of Generalized Relational Ecosphere on the Basis of Paired Categories. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) The author talks about the ISM theory, but he calls it "paired categories". Komoda, Norihisa and Koichi Haruna, Accessibility and Maintainability in Man-Machine Interactive Structural Modeling. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) New algorithms which are modifications of ISM are introduced, with discussion of computer programming for the structuring techniques. Malone, David W., Strategic Planning: Applications of ISM and Related Techniques. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) Mizoguchi, Fumio, Ikuo Tahara and Masao Saito, Use of ISM to an Analysis of Expert Role in Simulation Modelling Process. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) Mortland, Jack (ed.), Unity in Diversity: A Coal Technology Assessment Forum. Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, OH (October 1978) 47p., variously paged. A report based on a Forum held at Keystone, Colorado on July 2325, 1978, which was part of the Environmental Protection Agency's Coal Technology Assessment Program a project under contract to Battelle Columbus Laboratories with the University of Michigan. M'Pherson, P. K., Book review of Societal Systems by J. N. Warfield. Journal of Cybernetics v8 (1978) Nakao, Kazuo; Motohisa Funabashi; Hiroyuki Maezawa and Mikihiko Ohnari, Successive Hierarchical Structuring Method -A New Tool for Constructing Objectives Trees. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) For the solution of `ill-defined problems', the authors propose a method for `constructing objectives trees', which they believe to be psychologically accurate representation of human mental processes. They call their method `Successive Hierarchical Structuring Method (SHS)'. Nishikawa, Yoshikazu and Akihiko Udo, Methods of Interpretive Structural Modeling Considering Intransitivity in Human Judgments. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) These authors have developed `several revised and practical procedures of Interpretive Structural Modeling' Moubu, M., S. Ikeda and Y. Sawaragi, A Prediction Model for Regional Economic System by Self-Organization Method. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY(1978) The new structural method is proposed as a method of analysis of complex systems. Kogihara, Kokichi and Masao Iri, A Mathematical Approach to the Determination of the Structure of Concepts. [Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978?)]. No citation is given on this paper, just the page numbers, but we believe it to be one of the papers from the IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics which was held in Tokyo in 1978 Nagiyama, Kozo, Toshisuke Hiramatsu and Yasuo Shimazu, Toward Development of Earthquake Disaster Relational Model. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) For studying problems associated with earthquake disasters, these authors have proposed use of `techniques of network modeling' based upon relationships. Matsuoka, Maurice M., Recent Psychometric Developments in Japan: Engineers Grapple with Educational Measurement Problems. ONR Scientific Bulletin (January-March 1979) 17. This paper was presented at the ONR Contractor's Meeting on Individualized Measurement, Columbia, Missouri, September 19, 1978., later printed in the Bulletin. We have both manuscript and published version, in two different file folders. The author discusses how Warfield's ISM techniques have been adapted by the Educational Technology Group of IECE (Institute of Electronics & Communications Engineers of Japan) especially the team led by Sato, at NEC. The Japanese have been using binary matrices and Boolean algebra in determining learning hierarchies. Morano, Toshiro, Problems in Structural Modeling of City- Reconstruction. Proc. Of The Intnl. Conference Cybernetics & Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) The objections of the residents in an area slated for reconstruction was one of several practical problems encountered in this paper about urban renewal, which describes the use of DEMATEL processes to structure and model the planning efforts. Toda, M., Planning Societal Changes: Its Possibilities and Impossibilities. Proc. Of The International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Tokyo, Japan, November 3-7, 1978, IEEE, NY (1978) This paper is a thoughtful essay describing the complex forces at work in any field of social endeavor, and insisting that policymakers always include consideration of a worstcase scenario when installing societal changes or improvements. The author emphasized the importance of introducing social and material issues to any type of technological planning. Rankatesan, M., An Alternate Approach to Transitive Coupling in ISM (Operations Research Report #135). Center for Urban Affairs, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, July 1978, 22p., and in IEEE Trans. Systems, Man & Cybernetics (March 1979) The author presents a transitive coupling method that does not require the development of the implication matrix, and includes an alternative procedure for transitive bordering. Warfield, John N., Extensions of Interpretive Structural Modeling: A Final Report to the National Science Foundation (RLES-UVA526047EE78104). Research Lab for the Engineering Sciences, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (December 1978) 25p. The final report for Grant No. ENG7517609, submitted to the National Science Foundation Division of Grants & Contracts, Post-Award Branch. See also an earlier report with the same title, in IASIS File 76/020. This report, prepared for the use of persons already knowledgeable about ISM but unaware of the various applications of the process, contains a bibliography of papers on ISM applications and theory. Warfield, John N., Notes on Conceptual Sciences. IEEE Trans. Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC8 n10 (October 1978) An author with concerns about systems engineering curriculum, proposes the term `conceptual sciences' to represent disciplines such as mathematics, philosophy, graphics, art, semantics and psychology, which he feels should be aggregated into a new constellation of systems sciences. Zarke, George C., Allan Gianniny, Jr., and Andrew P. Sage, On the Application of Systems Engineering Methodology to Emergency Communication System Program Planning. Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci. v12 (1978) Structural modeling techniques were applied to communications options available for emergency use in the geographical area of Charlottesville/Albemarle County in Virginia. Christakis, A. N., Educational Heuristics Technology. Canadian Futures (July 1978) An interpretation of the meaning of the term `Heuristics' is given, along with a proposal that this system of inquiry be used for obtaining wider public awareness and acceptance of world problems, societal goals and their possible solutions. Katz, Raymond W., Joanne Troha and Lorna Wallick, An Integration of Normative Models for Environmental Education [for] UVA subcontract No. 522033, June 30, 1978. University of Dayton, Dayton, OH (June 1978) 68p. variously paged. This report explains how Interpretive Structural Modeling was used to structure a large element set (over 500 elements) germane to environmental education. Prepared for U. S. Dept. of Education, Office of Environmental Education (OEE) Etzioni, Amitai, Societal Overload: Sources, Components, and Corrections. Political Science Quarterly v92 n4 (Winter) This author believes that the computer age has ushered into existence an array of technological tools for planning which can be used creatively to address social problems that in the past had remained unsurmountable and in the future will become catastrophic.. He maintains that the four major components needed in a `guided society' which could be integrated to attack overwhelming problems are: Consensus, Power, Administration, and Knowledge. CALCULON, Applications of Interpretive Structural Modeling (Task 022 of Contract No. EF78-C012643). CALCULON (formerly Auerbach Assoc. Inc.) Arlington, VA (January 1979) 40p. In 1978, a consulting firm near Washington D.C. requested information about ISM, which Warfield supplied. This is one of two reports which the consulting firm produced, using, as source material, not only Warfield's input, but also papers published by Warfield colleagues who had written on ISM and its uses. This report gives a summary description of ISM, and describes examples of its use which were gleaned from papers by Warfield, Fitz, Sage, Waller and others. The sponsor who paid for this report is unknown. CALCULON, Introductory Brochure. CALCULON (formerly Auerbach Assoc., Inc) Arlington, Va (January 1979) 2p. A glossy twopage folder describing the services of a consulting and research firm located near Washington, D.C.. This firm completed an analytical survey of Warfield's ISM method and printed the results in two spiralbound reports, for an unknown sponsor. Warfield supplied extensive information to CALCULON staff, which they used as a basis for the reports. CALCULON, Overview of Interpretive Structural Modeling (Task 022, for Contract No. EF78-C-o12643) CALCULON (formerly Auerbach Assoc. Inc.) Arlington, Va (Jan 1979) 22p. A summary review of the mathematical basis for Warfield's interpretive structural modeling, drawing on many of his published papers from 1973 onward. Warfield states that he was approached by CALCULON in 1978. He provided them with information about ISM, but there was never any followup leading to his involvement in a project contract. Morrison, Patricia and John Krobock (eds.), Avionics: Projections for Civil Aviation 19952000 (NASA/ASEE Report No. CR159035). National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Langley Research Center/Old Dominion University, Hampton, Virginia (September 1979) 201p. This report provides the results of the 1979 NASA/ASEE Engineering Systems Design Group meetings held June 4August 17, 1979, in Hampton, Virginia. It summarizes a futuristic view of the 19952000 civil aviation avionics system. Following discussion of the Group's and avionics system's objectives, it describes the scenarios considered, the avionics technologies, the 19952000 avionics system, and the evaluation of impacts. The last chapter provides conclusions and recommendations. Kim, Karen O., Use of Interpretive Structural Modeling in Environmental Studies at the Senior High Level (University of Dayton Report #UDR-TR7927). University of Dayton, Dayton, OH (March 1979) 118p. variously paged. Two secondary teachers cooperated with the University to learn the ISM method and to experiment with it in their biology and world culture classes. The report appendices include ISM summary sheets, a Process pretest, a Teacher's guide, and interim technical reports. This report, prepared for the Office of Environmental Education, U. S. Dept. Health, Education & Welfare Grant No. G007700611, is the final report for the period Oct. 1977-March 1979. Hartig, J. A., Programmer's Manual for Interpretive Structural Modelling Software: University of Virginia CYBER172 Implementation, Abridged. Dept. Engineering Science & Systems, University of Virginia (1979) 73p. Software based on the Interpretative Structural Modeling Software developed at the University of Dayton in the Spring/Summer of 1977, this was a project by a graduate student in a class for Professor A. P. Sage. Hartig, J., Programmer's Manual for Interpretive Structural Modelling Software: University of Virginia CYBER12 Implementation, Unabridged. Dept. Engineering Science & Systems, University of Virginia (1979) 129p. This is an unabridged version of the programmer's manual of the same title in IASIS file No. 79/006. A graduate student produced this report for Professor A. P. Sage. It is software based on work already done at the University of Dayton in 1977. Waller, O. Maynard, DELTA for Uncertainty. [IEEE Trans. circa 1979] A description of a lab course taught at McGill University, Montreal, in which students are asked to make plans to achieve goals in projects where resources are limited and successful completions of some activities are uncertain. The IASIS file contains the draft manuscript of this paper, dated 1978. Jansen, James V., Lyn J. McKell and Lester E. Heitger, ISMS: Computer-Aided Analysis for Design of Decision-Support Systems. Management Science v25 n11 (November 1979) A descriptive piece on interpretive structural modeling. Kawamura, Kazuhiko and Alexander N. Christakis, An Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) Workshop, Final Report to Office of Personnel, United States Coast Guard, May 25, 1979. Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, OH (1979) 46p. variously paged. How the methodologies known as Nominal Group Technique and Interpretive Structural Modeling were applied to develop recommendations for improvement of personnel practices, which could lead to increased professionalism of the Guard members. Klein, Harold E., Structuring Forecast Models for Strategic Environmental Appraisal. Proc. 1979 Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling & Simulation, April 25-27 v10, Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh (1979) 1319-1323. The author introduces a `computerized heuristic program' which he calls SPIRE (Systematic Procedure for Identifying Relevant Environments) designed to assist management and planners in the field of environmental science. Monde, James E. (ed.), Negotiating the City's Future (A Kettering Foundation reprint). Nation's Cities Weekly (November 26, 1979) 16p. A report on an experimental plan for pooling urban investments and bargaining to coordinate policy goals. Describes the Interpretive Structural Modeling technique, giving it the name of NIS, or Negotiated Investment Strategy in a project sponsored by Kettering, called the Urban Affairs Program. Kandaris, George A., On the Human Aspects in Structural Modeling. Technological Forecasting & Social Change v14 (1979) The author proposes that three separate roles should be recognized for efficient participative modeling - the technician, the facilitator, and the participant. Matsuyama, Keisuke, On the Structural Aspects of the Self-Contained Model. Department of Industrial Management Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo (December 3,1979). 40p. Apparently a manuscript sent in to a journal, it has been marked with corrections by a reviewer The author presents an algorithm for computation of `causal ordering to every variable appearing in the model'. MaIlory, John J., Applied Methodology Training in the Defense Intelligence Agency. (Presented 20th Annual Convention International Studies Assn., Toronto, March 21-24, 1979) Directory for Estimates, Defense Intelligence Agency (1979) 25p. Santore, Carl M. and James G. Coke, A Guide for Leaders Using Ideawriting (Academy for Contemporary Problems Report). ACP/Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (September 1979) 9p. Contents include: What is Ideawriting? An Example of an Ideawriting Session; PreMeeting Preparation; Opening Statement; Conducting the Ideawriting Process; Analyzing and Reporting the Ideawriting Product; Summary of the Steps in the Ideawriting Process. Nayakama, H., T. Tanino, K. Matsumoto, H. Matsuo, K. Inoue, and Y. Sawaragi, A Methodology for Group Decision Support with an Application to Assessment of Residential Environment. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics (September 1979) This paper, describing an application of the structural modeling process, was first published in the Proceedings of the 1978 IEEE conference on Cybernetics & Society, held in Tokyo, Japan. The authors present their method for group decision making, called the Extended Contributive Rule (ECR) which is built on multiattribute utility theory and interpretive structural modeling methods. Kato, Takahiro, Determination of Hierarchical Networks of Instructional Units Using the Interpretive Structural Modeling Method. Educ. Technol. Res. v3 (1979) The author proposes the use of ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) as an educational tool, for developing curriculum. Matsuoka, Maurice M., Recent Psychometric Developments in Japan: Engineers Tackle Educational Measurement Problems. ONR Scientific Bulletin (January-March 1979) 17. Published by the Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research, Tokyo (NAVSO P3580). A longer, earlier version of this title is also on file, in IASIS File No. 78/019. The 1978 version has a bibliography and more tables and figures than does this published version. Furthermore in this version, the emphasis is exclusively on the work of Japanese researchers, who are listed by name and institution, with brief descriptions of their work. American scientists are not named, but their influence is recognized in a footnote. Kazaki, Eiichiro and Michio Amagasa, Structural Modeling in a Class of Systems Using Fuzzy Sets Theory. Fuzzy Sets & Systems v2 n1 (January 1979) This is a revised version of an earlier paper. This version has an added appendix giving proofs for Propositions 1 and 2. Katz, Raymond L., David R. Yingling, Jeanne B. Troha and Karen O. Crim, Computer Implementation of Interpretive Structural Modeling, Part I (University of Dayton Report UDR-TR7979). University of Dayton, Dayton, OH (September 1979) 201p. variously paged. In this first of a 2-volume set: A discussion of Interpretive Structural Modeling, the equipment used, strategies for obtaining equipment, a programmer's overview of the software package, a bibliography, documentation of algorithms, and DELTA charts. Produced for Subcontract No 52233 to U.S. Office of Environmental Education Contract 300700-4028, which was headquartered at the University of Virginia. Katz, Raymond L., David R. Yingling, Joanne B. Troha and Karen O. Crim, Computer Implementation of Interpretive Structural Modeling, Part II (University of Dayton Report No. UDR TR7979). University of Dayton, Dayton, OH (September 1979) 97p. In this second of a 2-volume set: Fortran programs for implementation of Interpretive Structural Modeling. Produced under Subcontract No. 52233 to the U. S. Office of Environmental Education Contract No. 3007004028, which was headquartered at the University of Virginia. Muller, Robert J., Comparing and Combining Structural Models of Complex Systems. General Systems vXXIV (1979) [Reprinted from IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics v9 n9 1979.] A method is presented whereby two or more structural models may be compared, combined, or both. The author demonstrates the use of graph theory to compare and combine complex activities into a synthesized whole. Warfield, John N., History and Applications of Interpretive Structural Modeling. Copyright by the author (1979) 32p., variously paged. An invited presentation for the Canadian Operations Research Society, Annual Meeting, Montebello, Quebec, May 23, 1979. Includes bibliographies giving titles of papers on applications and theory of Interpretive Structural Modeling.(The paper includes an appendix titled `Some Applications of Interpretive Structural Modeling' which was the basis of another talk given by Warfield in November, 1978, in Tokyo at a meeting of the Japan Society of Electrical Engineering and Study Group on Tech. Forecasting). Warfield, John N., The Interface Between Models and Policymakers. J. of Policy Analysis & Information Systems v3 n1 (June 1979) This paper illustrates several key points with regard to the effective use of symbolic languages, and presents the proposition that the ISM process can be effective in giving the lay person, untutored in mathematics or logic, an access to a `metalanguage' and thereby to a potentially broad array of symbolic languages and a broad modeling capability. Warfield, John N., Some Principles of Knowledge Organization. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC9 n6 (June 1979) The mathematical theory of how to eliminate overlap among concepts, using Translatable Graphics, Structural Types, Problem Definitions, Block Representation of Sets, and Mapping Theory, can be helpful in replacing a set of overlapping goals with a set of relatively independent goals when constructing a usable planning or policy decision. Warfield, John N., Systems Oriented Environmental Education. Proceedings Silver Anniversary Meeting Society for General Systems Research, London, August 20-24, 1979, SGSR (1979) 797799. [Reprinted in B. Banathy (ed.), Systems Education: Perspectives, Programs, Methods, Intersystems, Seaside, CA (1983) 61-63.] The author introduces the term `Collective Inquiry' to describe his view of how the process of environmental education should work, by use of shared knowledge combined with a computer-assisted group learning process called Interpretive Structural Modeling. Warfield, John N., Systems Planning for Environmental Education. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC9 n12 (December 1979) Describes the Options Field/Options Profile method of design, using Interpretive Structural Modeling. This was one of the earliest mentions of Warfield's Options Field in the literature. Christakis, A., S. Globe and K. Kawamura, Forecasting Science and Industry: Science Forum Approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change v13 (1979) Kawamura, K, M. Boroush, K. Chen & A. Christakis, Design for a Technology Assessment of Coal. Futures (August 1979) Warfield, John N., You Create A Design (Report No.UVA/522032/EE79/125),Vol. II of Development of an Interpretive Structural Model...for Environmental Education /Studies, for Office of Environmental Education, HEW, Washington, D.C. Research Lab for the Engineering Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1979) 68p. Written as part of a project for U.S. Dept. of Education, this report explains techniques of group participatory design, as developed by the author, whose invention `Interpretive Structural Modeling' allows the rapid computer-assisted interaction of individual contributions in a group session. The author's Options Field and Options Profile method are both explained in this report. Katz, Raymond L., Karen O. Crim and Joanne B. Troha, Creating a Regional Environmental Learning System (Report No. UVA/522032/EE79/126. and Univ. of Dayton, Ohio Report No. UDR-TR7978). Vol. III of Development of an Interpretive Structural Model...for Environmental Education, for Office of Environmental Education, HEW, Washington, D.C. Research Lab for Engineering Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (August 1979) 173p. variously paged. Written with assistance of J. N. Warfield & B. B. Gordon, as part of a project for U. S. Dept. of Education, the major purpose of this report is to outline the guidelines that would assist people in creating a regional environmental learning system that is appropriate to their region of the country. The report contains a large (25x50 in.) fold-out chart of a graphic display of an interpretive structural model. Warfield, John N., A Conceptual Basis for the Design of a Regional Environmental Learning System (RELS) (Report No. UVA/522032/EE79/115), 5th Quarterly Report on Development of an Interpretive Structural Model...for Environmental Education. Research Lab for Engineering Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (January 1979) 112p. variously paged. Written for the U. S. Office of Environmental Education, U. S. Dept. of Education Contract No. 3007004028, the RELS concept is proposed as a model for how to think about developing environmental education through local initiative, with a review of methodologies. Nagiyama, K., S. Tagawa and M. Toda, Effective Representations of Hierarchical Structures (Fujitsu Research Report No. 8). Intnl. Institute for Advanced Study of Social Information Science, Fujitsu, Ltd., Tokyo (September 1979). Presented at the 1979 International Conference on Cybernetics & Society, October 810 1979, Denver, Colorado. and later published by the Fujitsu Corporation, this report is an extension of the work in Warfield's 1977 paper `Crossing Theory and Hierarchy Mapping'. The Japanese authors show results of their software which enables automatic organizing and printing of structures up to 500 elements. Carlson, Eric D., An Approach for Designing Decision Support Systems (File folder also contains three pages of typed notes on this article, written by JNW). Database (Winter 1979) 315. This article deals with computerassisted decision support systems, with discussions of needed components to a system which will deal with `intelligence, design, and choice,'with a proposal that DSS be designed to provide `representations as the context for system use, operations on the representations to support intelligence, design & choice, a variety of memory aids, and aids for controlling operations.' Northrop, F.S.C., From the Kindergarten Onward. No Citation (circa 1980) This article was adapted from a lecture presented as part of a colloquium sponsored by the Foundation for Integrative Education, held in New York City. The author expresses regret that current educational practices and cultural standards do not provide adequate language for mathematics and symbolic logic to enter our daily lives. He presents `Specifics for a New Curriculum.' Abramson, Lee R., Some Selected Consensus Approaches. No citation.(circa 1980) Pages 360-365. (Author at Applied Statistics Branch, U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D. C.) This paper discusses and provides examples of the weighted average approach, the Bayesian approach and the personal criterion approach in the problem of involving participatory decision making. . Journal title not known for this paper, which is a photocopy saved for the file without adequate citation. One of these days we will look it up and complete it. Burke, James G. and Carl M. Moore, `Engineering' Group Interaction. Systems Science and Science: Proc. Annual Meeting Society for General Systems Research, San Francisco, January 7-10, 1980, Society for General Systems Research, Louisville, KY (1980) A description of how certain elements of technology have been used to facilitate the work of public bodies, such as city councils and county planning agencies. Uses of Delphi, Nominal Group, Ideawriting, Interpretive Structural Modeling, Scenario Writing, and Q-Sort Techniques are discussed. In this folder is also an introductory page written by John N. Warfield, chairperson for the session, in which he gives brief introduction to the above paper and also the related paper to be presented by Jean-Paul Jacob. Burke, James G. and Carl M. Moore, Group Processes for Making Public Expenditure Reduction Decisions. In H. J. Bryce, (ed.), Managing Fiscal Retrenchment in Cities, National Urban Policy Roundtable, ACP/Kettering, Dayton, OH (March 1980) Burke, James G. and Carl M. Moore, Toward a Balanced Budget: Making the Tough Decisions National Association of Counties, Washington, D.C. (1980) 14p. Describes the use of Interpretive Structural Modeling in a budget reduction project in Genessee County, Michigan in 1980. Kim, Karen O., Using Interpretive Structural Modeling in Senior High School Environmental Studies. University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH (May 1980). This report was submitted for publication to IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics journal. `We have shown that high school teachers can learn the ISM method without difficulty, and that they can successfully conduct modeling sessions in their classes'. Bates, W. K., Is Human Memory Obsolete? American Scientist v68 n1 (January-February 1980) From a psychologist's view, the differences between human short term and human long term memory are explored, with the conclusion that the computer assisted technologies have valuable capacities but cannot replace significant functions of the human brain. Sampapa, Joseph, Design Innovation in the Judicial System: The Role of the Court Administrator. Proc. IEEE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, Norfolk, VA, May 19-20, 1980, IEEE, NY (1980) A discussion of a practical potential use for ISM and Options Profile techniques in an area where it is needed - the U.S. courtrooms. Bose, Robert W., On Methods to Improve the Efficiency of Structural Modeling. (December 1980) 6p. A presentation at the International Congress on Applied Systems Research and Cybernetics, in Acapulco, December, 1980. A few facilitator hints aimed at keeping the participants in a group session focused accurately on the problem, in a systematic way. Nagaki, Toshijuki and Ernest J. Henley, A Systematic Method for Identifying Structural Differences Between Minimum-Edge Digraphs. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC-10 n12 (December 1980) The authors use ISM to display contrasts between curriculum information given by professors and comparable information in their official university catalog. Nadlicka, Allen and Robert Meyer, Interpretive Structural Modeling: Cross Cultural Uses. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC-10 n1 (January 1980) The use of Interpretive Structural Modeling in determining effective technology transfer methods working with subsistence level farmers in Huejotzingo, Mexico. Nawamura, Kazuhiko and Alexander N. Christakis, Role of Structural Modeling in Technology Assessment. In M. Borush, K. Chen & A. Christakis, (eds.), Technology Assessment: Creative Futures, Elsevier North Holland, NY (1980) Page 203. First printed as a report by Battelle Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio, in 1976, later reprinted in the book. Braton, Alvin E., Reductionism, Information and Constraints in Hierarchical Systems. Proc. IEEE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, Norfolk, VA, May 19-20, 1980, IEEE, NY (1980) 377-380. This paper is a discussion of some of the theories produced by Warfield in his development of Interpretive Structural Modeling, reviewed from the point of view of an academic philosopher. Keever, David, Design of Technology Transfer Organizations for Improving Productivity in the United States. Proc. IEEE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, Norfolk, VA, May 19-20, 1980, IEEE, NY (1980) The use of the Options Field technique to improve the transfer of technology among information service organizations. Klein, Harold and William Newman, How to Use SPIRE, A Systematic Procedure for Identifying Relevant Environments for Strategic Planning. J. Business Strategy v1 n1 (Summer 1980) See also IASIS File No. 79/011, in which the author first introduces his `new' methodology. In this paper, SPIRE is advertised as a systematic approach to spotting coming problems such as major technological, social, political, regulatory and cultural changes, that could affect corporate future performance significantly. Namoya K., and T. Fukuda, A Method of Analysis and Synthesis of Complex System. Proc. International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Cambridge, MA, October 8-10, 1980, IEEE, NY (1980) These two Japanese authors propose a `Revised ISM'. Donald, Robert B., A Trade-Off Evaluation Procedure. U. S. Forest Service, SE Area, Atlanta, GA (1980) 20p. Forestry concepts, statistics and terminology are used to illustrate the technique of Trade-off Evaluation. Morano, T., Methodology of Systems Engineering - Challenge to Complex Problems. Hosei University(Japan) (circa 1980). We do not have this book, but hope to obtain it. Letter from the author received Jan. 1985: `I remember you visited Japan and discussed about ISM, etc., on the occasion of ICCS in Tokyo few years ago. After I moved to Hosei University, I wrote a book titled Methodology of Systems Engineering-Challenge to Complex Problems, which included the methods of graph partitioning .. Your method was introduced in that book.' Toda, Mitsuhiko, K. Sugiyama and S. Tagawa, An Ordering Method for Collective Preference Based on a Majority Decision Rule. Proc. International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Cambridge, MA, October 8-10, 1980, IEEE, N.Y. (1980) This folder contains two items, first, the proceedings paper for the IEEE conference, and second, a 27-page research report with the same title, published by International Institute for Advanced Study Social Information Sciences, Numazu, Japan, Research Report No. 10, (a branch of Fujitsu, Ltd.). Note: This folder contains the published Fujitsu report but also the proceedings paper, because only in the proceedings paper can one find the bibliographic citations for references used by authors The senior author, Mr. Toda, was a student at the short course on ISM taught by Warfield at the October conference in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Kemeny, John G., Saving American Democracy: The Lessons of Three Mile Island. Technology Review (June-July 1980) Kemeny, former president of Dartmouth college, writes about the nuclear power plant accident and the lessons to be learned from it. Muller, Robert J., Contextual Relations and Mathematical Relations in Interpretive Structural Modeling. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC-10 n3 (March 1980) The mathematical versus the logical properties of contextual relationships are the subject of analysis, with the author suggesting that a seeming paradox of differing qualities for a relationship be resolved by a dual approach, in that `contextual relations be thought of as potentially having two sets of logical properties, a priori and empirical.' Warfield, John N., Interpretive Structural Modeling and Related Work: Annotated Bibliography. Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (June 1980) 106p. After a trip to Japan in 1978 to attend the International Conference of the Systems Man and Cybernetics Society in Tokyo, Warfield added numerous Japanese authors to his compilation of persons studying and using Interpretive Structural Modeling, and in 1980 the collected titles of all the relevant papers he could discover became the basis for this first ISM bibliography. Warfield, John N., Boston - ISM Course Outline. (1980). This folder contains rough manuscript notes of a short court in Interpretive Structural Modeling, prepared for the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Systems Man and Cybernetics Society, IEEE, Cambridge, MA, October 79, 1980. Includes a list of the persons attending the course, which was held during three evening sessions at the conference. Warfield, John N., Complementary Relations and Map Reading. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics IEEE, N.Y. (June 1980) A description of a method for computer-assisted interpretation of graphical structural models, without requiring mathematical sophistication on the part of the working group using the model. Warfield, John N., Modeling Management. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC10 n4 (April 1980) p. 197. Because management is not just an organization chart but rather a dynamic interaction throughout a hierarchy, the overview of an entire organization can be difficult, but the technique presented here can produce a true management representation in a very limited space. Warfield, John N., Priority Structures. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC10 n10 (October 1980) Techniques for correcting `structural defects' (e.g. non-regular hierarchical structures) when using interpretive structural modeling. Warfield, John N., Reading Maps of Relations. In J. N. Warfield, Designs for the Future of Environmental Education, Vol. 2, Final Report to Office of Environmental Education. U.S. Department of Education Contract #3007004028 (UVA/522032/EE80/127). School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, (July 1980) pp. 99-114. A primerintroduction to understanding graphical models, addressed to students. Above is the complete citation needed to locate this paper, which is an excerpt of a large report also in the IASIS File, (in IASIS No. 80/032). However this excerpt was frequently used separately, in classrooms ,so it was kept in a convenient separate folder. When it was first written, this 16 page article appeared as one of the `Self Paced Learning Units for Environmental Education', dated March 1980. Warfield, John N., A Role for Values in Educational System Design. Proc. International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Cambridge, MA, October 7-10, 1980, IEEE, N.Y. (1980) The use of interpretive structural models to identify and represent value decisions in educational system design, based on a consistent set of values from the educational philosophy of Ralph Barton Perry. Warfield, John N., Science and Systems Science: A Technology Perspective. Systems Science and Science: Proc. Annual Meeting Society for General Systems Research, San Francisco, January 7-10, 1980, Society for General Systems Research, Louisville, KY (1980) Carvallo's analysis of the Systems Research Movement is the takeoff point for a development of a definition for the term conceptual science, along with its intrinsic links with all of science, through the process of systems science, which could be most easily understood in the field of environmental education. Warfield, John N., Designs for the Future of Environmental Education, Vol. I Final Report Contract #3007004028, submitted to Office of Environmental Education, US Dept. of Education (Univ. of Virginia Report UVA/522032/EE80127). Research Labs for Engineering Sciences, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (July 1980)136p. This is the first of a twovolume FINAL REPORT on this contract, published in 1980 by University of Virginia. This and the second volume, (in IASIS 80/032) describe the application of Interpretive Structural Modeling to the goals of environmental education. A year later, the U. S. Department of Education issued a booklet bearing the same title. (See IASIS File No . 81/016). Both the 1980 and the 1981 publications should be studied for a full survey of the project, since their contents are not identical. Warfield, John N., Designs for the Future of Environmental Education, Vol. II: Lesson Plans, or Units Final Report Contract #3007004028, submitted to Office of Environmental Education, US Dept. of Education (Univ. of Virginia Report UVA/522032/EE80127). Research Labs for Engineering Sciences, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (July 1980)157p. For use by teachers when planning environmental education curricula, emphasizing need for a wide, interconnecting `systems' approach, with descriptions of how interpretive structural modeling techniques can generate genuine `systems' training. This, the second of a twovolume report (see IASIS 80/031) contains lesson plans, or teaching units, for classroom work. McDonald, Robert B., T.E.P., A Tradeoff Evaluation Procedure. U. S. Forest Service, S.E. Area, Atlanta, GA. No citation (circa 1981). Trade-off evaluation is described, using the decision factors involved in a `trivial problem' of whether to buy a car as an illustrative example of how the process could work in more complex problems. Kai, M., S. Tamura and H. Mizutani, A Method for Structural Modeling of Complex Systems. Toshiba Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan (1981) 24p. variously paged. This was submitted as a manuscript for publication to ICCS in 1981. The authors are on the staff of the Toshiba R & D Center, 1, Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kanagawa-city 210, Japan. This paper uses a concept in bipartite graph theory to show a method to recognize the qualities of a system from various points of view, i.e. `a structural modeling by various viewpoints'. Take, J. G. and C. M. Moore, Coping With a Budgetary Crisis: Helping a City Council Decide Where Expenditure Cuts Should Be Made. In S. W. Burks & J. F. Wolf, (eds.), Building City Council Leadership Skills, National League of Cities, Washington, D. C. (February 1981) Naagaki, Toshiyuki, Ernest J. Henley and Koichi Inoue, Computer-aided Analysis of Curriculum Structure. Proc. 8th IFAC World Congress (1981) XIII84-XIII89. Structuring educational curriculum in Japan. Wein, Virender, Structural Analyses of General Systems Theory. Behavioral Science v26 (1981) Interpretive Structural Modeling is applied to the various definitions and interpretations of the term `General Systems'. Zadak, S. K. and Patkar, V. N., Priority-Setting in Planning Rural Development Programmes. Presented at 1st National Conference on Social Sciences, New Delhi, 12-15 January, 1981. Dept. of Economics, University of Bombay. and Bombay Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (1981)16p. These authors endorse participatory planning for rural improvements, to include and insure acceptance among the bottom layer of rural poor people, to make the programs more relevant to their needs. Methodologies are presented to accomplish this purpose. Satkar, V. N. and S. K. Modak, Passenger Orientation in Bus Terminal Design. J. of Transport Management v4 n8 (March 1981) The authors present details on a practical use of participatory structural modeling to aid travellers in strange surroundings. Hinckly, Thomas R. and Gary Orwig, Curriculum Viewed as a Binary System: An Approach to the Determination of a Sequence. Presented 3rd Interservice/Industry Training & Equipment Conf. Nov. 30-Dec. 2, 1981, Orlando, Fla. U.S. Navy Recruiting Command Curriculum Design, Orlando. and College of Education, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando(1981) 13p. The paper deals with the use of Interpretive Structural Modeling in the design of curriculum. Kato, T., M. Takeya, M. Kurata, Y. Morimoto and H. Chimura, Instructional Data Analysis Machine with a Microprocessor - SPEEDY.(A manufacturer's descriptive technical report, accompanied by a 3page glossy color brochure printed in Japanese language) In NEC Research & Development n61, Nippon Elec. Co., Ltd., Tokyo (April 1981) ISM applied to education, in Japan. Sugiyama, Kozo, Shojiro Tagawa and Mitsuhiko Toda Methods for Visual Understanding of Hierarchical System Structures. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC11 n2 (February 1981) Gulliver, W. H., AnneMarie Pollowy and Daphne Neal ME/MECO: A SelfDeveloping Community System. Presented at 5th International Congress of Cybernetics & Systems, Mexico City, August 1981. Morgan State University, Department of Social Sciences, Baltimore, MD (1981) A method is proposed in which the Black American community becomes the unit level of governance and decision making for its inhabitants, as an alternative to superimposed planning and control by the White community. Structural modeling methods at a basic level are taught and implemented without the aid of a computer. Warfield, John N. Interpretive Structural Modeling and Related Work: Annotated Bibliography, Supplement No. l (Center for Interactive Management Report No. 1-B). University of Virginia, Charlottesville (December, 1981) 14p. A supplement to the June 1980 bibliography of the same title, this report contains 22 additional titles, with annotations, of papers dealing with the topic of structural modeling, interpretative structural modeling, or significantly similar fields of study. Many of the papers are by Japanese authors. Warfield, John N. Learning Through Model Building. In H. Greenberg & J. Maybee, (eds.), Computer-Assisted Analysis and Model Simplification, Academic Press (1981) The author advocates a kind of modeling in which learning by the group participants is envisaged as its principal outcome. Warfield, John N., Mapping Environmental Education. In H. Alf (ed.), Education for Tomorrow's Environment, UDC Graduate Journal v1 n1 (Fall 1981) An address before the Conference for Talent Development for Environmental Careers, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, D.C., August 1979. The author describes his work as project director of an environmental education project for the U.S. Office of Environmental Education, in which the use of interpretive structural modeling was applied to environmental learning concepts. Organization is the Key to Good Business. Cedar Falls Record, Cedar Falls, Iowa, Friday, January 16 (1981) 6,7. A newspaper clipping describing Interpretive Structural Modeling and the related work of John Warfield. Includes photo of Warfield. Warfield, J. N. Designs For the Future of Environmental Education: Energy, Environment Economy, Education, Ethics Publication No. E8139000. (USGPO No. 337840/9216). Office of Educational Research & Improvement, U.S. Dept. of Education, Washington, D.C. (1981) 86p. Summary of a two-year project, involving seven universities and research institutes. Appendix 1 lists all of the 12 resource and reference reports produced during the project, which was headquartered at University of Virginia under direction of John N. Warfield, for Contract No. 30070004028 to the U. S. Office of Environmental Education. The contract manager was Walter Bogan, who was Director of the U.S. Office of Environmental Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, during the time the research contract was in operation. Clissen, Wil A.H., Andrew P. Sage and John N. Warfield. User's Guide to Systems Methodology, Part I and Part II, Final Report NSF Grant AER 7716865. Dept. Engineering Science & Systems, Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, (January 31, 1981) 86p. and approx. 293p. Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS) U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161, as reprint No. PB83115204 (for Part I) and No. PB83114212 (for Part II). This is the same material which was in a 1979 report titled: `A USER'S GUIDE TO PUBLIC SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY' produced at University of Virginia. Part I is an 86 page booklet of onepage drawings, each accompanied by a 1page description of the methodology. Part II describes 44 methodologies in manuscript form, with a DELTA chart drawn for each methodology. Worman, Colin. The God That Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties. A World watch Institute Book (Excerpt, pp 2526). W.W. Norton, New York (1981). This author believes that socioeconomic problems, rather than technical ones, are the major challenge of the future. Lamson, Robert W., Planning and Using Situation Rooms. World Future Society Bulletin (March-April 1981) 4 11. In this paper the author advocates use of specially designed rooms not only for technical meetings, but also for work of a social or political nature. This was one of several papers which John Warfield had stashed in his teaching materials, in a file marked: STUDY; Group Work Support Facility Design. Boyd, Gary M., The Importance and Feasibility of 'Transparent' Universities. No Citation (circa 1981) LeMoigne, Jean L., The Paradoxes of the Contemporary Engineer. European Journal of Engineering Education v6 (1981) The author reviews careers of historical engineers, whose education and training differed from that in modern engineering school offerings, comparing values of a `Renaissance engineer' such as Leonardo da Vinci with the engineering education structure of the modern world. Warfield, John N., Institutional Mechanics and The Great University (Draft report). Unpublished manuscript copyright by the author (May 1981) 95p. This report is an examination of the institutions of higher learning in the United States, and how they might evolve. The ideal of the `Great University' is used as a focus toward which various changes and interactions might be directed. An extensive literature search reveals the best available models for measuring education quality, although no one of them is found to be totally adequate for the ideal concept of quality in education. The term `institutional mechanics' is used to represent the various forces at work in an institution and the types and rates of change that such forces produce, singly, or in concert. Only those forces that affect quality are considered. Cruse, Robert W., Considerations for Transferring Technologies Internationally. Engineering Management International v1 (1982) Comprehensive Planning for Science and Technology-Guidebook. JWK International Corporation, Annandale, VA (November 1982) 181p. variously paged. Prepared for SANCST (Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, by the JWK International Corporation of Annandale, Virginia. It was an outgrowth of the previous two years of workshops and training sessions directed by John Warfield, on the scene in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where he had been assisted by Robert Waller and K. Kawamura in presenting Interpretive Structural Modeling sessions. JWK International was hired by the Saudis to produce a final longrange plan for the Saudis, and JWK, in turn, had hired Warfield and Kawamura as consultants in preparation of this final report. Minnesota Division of Forestry, Minnesota Forest Resources Plan, Goal Programming Workshop, July 6-7, 1962. Division of Forestry, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul, MN (1982) 41p. Report on a workshop sponsored by the Minnesota Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources, and the U. S. Forest Service. The workshop was held in conjunction with the development of the Minnesota Forest Resources Plan (MFRP), Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, in St. Paul. Fiore, Carl and John Gargan, Group Process Techniques in Public Policy Decision-Making. A General Survey of Systems Methodology: Proc. 26th Annual Mtg. Society for General Systems Research with AAAS, Washington, D. C., January 5-9, 1982, Intersystems Publishers (1982) This paper was given as part of a Symposium on Systems Methodology Applied to Government, at the 1982 meeting of the Society for General Systems Research. The authors describe methodologies used in their experiences working with three county governments and one city government to decide how to cut budgetary expenses. University of Northern Iowa, ISMS-UNI User Manual: A software package for Interpretive Structural Modeling, October 1982. School of Business, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, (1982) 57p. Supervised by Robert J. Waller, Dean of the School of Business, this manual was written by Hoyt G. Wilson, for the Fortran programming done by Diane Sullivan. This manual accompanies ISM software which was developed at University of Northern Iowa. Priority Structure: Suggestions from SEAS Industrial Advisory Committee. Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia (1982) one page. A one-page graphical structure, a flow chart showing the results of an ISM exercise conducted by CIM (Center for Interactive Management) at the School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 1982. Participants were Dean J. Gibson and a faculty/staff committee, who used suggestions provided by a larger committee, the SEAS Industrial Advisory Committee. Waller, Robert J., Complexity and the Boundaries of Human Policy Making. Intnl J. of General Systems v9 n1 (1983) 111. A survey of the gigantic task awaiting human endeavor, in the reach to deal with complexity. Suggestions of potential tools, technical languages, concepts needed to surmount the difficulties imposed by human limits. `It is suggested that coupling the human and complexity, in problem solving situations, can be viewed as a design problem...' (The IASIS File has the manuscript of this paper, sent to JNW by the author, dated January, 1982) Waller, Robert J., Knowledge for Producing Useful Knowledge and the Importance of Synthesis. In R. Kilman (ed.), Producing Useful Knowledge for Organizations, Praeger, New York (1983) The differences between quantitative and qualitative thinking must be recognized, assessed and accommodated in knowledge-based decisions. A `rational process' of such synthesis is proposed, to be used under conditions of complexity. (The IASIS File has the manuscript of this paper, sent to JNW by the author, dated July 1982) Waller, Robert J., Pedagogy of Reachability and Antecedence in Synthesizing Complex Structures. College of Business, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, (1982) 18p. Venn diagrams and a flow diagram are shown to be useful tools in teaching the concepts of structural modeling to students. Warfield, John N., A Chronology Related to the Use of Interpretive Structural Modeling as a Means of Educational Curriculum Development, Learning Materials Development, Automation in the Knowledge Industry and Related Developments. Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (September 30, 1982) 7p. A work-in-progress, written in 1982, with additions circa 1986. Describes dissemination of Interpretive Structural Modeling into Japanese management, with minor updates. Includes bibliographical list of 7 papers written by Japanese authors. Warfield, John N., Consensus Methodologies. Center for Interactive Management, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (September 1982) 34p. This unpublished paper gives brief descriptions of each of the seven group decision-making tools in use at Center for Interactive Management: Brainwriting, Nominal Group Technique, Delphi, Interpretive Structural Modeling, Options Field Method, Options Profile Method, and Tradeoff Analysis Method. Warfield, John N., Digest of Annotated Bibliography on Interpretive Structural Modeling and Related Work. Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (November 1982) 14p. Compiled by the author in late 1982, when both versions of his ISM bibliographies (written in 1980 and 1982) became out of print. He prepared this concise Digest of both of the out of print texts, and sent it out to persons requesting information on ISM. The Digest is a chronologically arranged list of titles, with an author index, and does not include annotations. Warfield, John N., Goals Study for the Rodman Program. Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (April 1982) 11p. A report prepared for the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Virginia. The Rodman Program was a special curriculum for outstanding scholars at the University of Virginia. A group of educators convened to review this program and consider the significant interrelated elements in use to achieve the program's goals. Warfield, John N., Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). In S.A. Olsen, (ed.), Group Planning & Problem Solving Methods in Engineering, Wiley, New York (1982) Published 10 years after the invention of the ISM process, this paper describes the wide scope of its current applications, lists technical and procedural details for its efficient use, includes a review of the mathematical theory supporting its software programs and a response to critics. (In this version of the mathematical theory, the author used only algebraic explanations, excluding all matrices, because some readers do not understand or use matrices). Waller, R. J., John N. Warfield and Maureen S. Tondreau., Interpretive Structural Modeling: An Introduction to the Foundations, Method and Applications of a Useful Idea. Copyright by the authors, located at University of Northern Iowa, University of Virginia and International Business Machines Corp., Armonk, NY (January 1982). A comprehensive overview of Interpretive Structural Modeling, giving accurate historical development of the use of ISM, with a long bibliography. Submitted for publication in the journal Decision Sciences, but not accepted, however still significant because it reveals IBM interest and knowledge about ISM in the early 1980's. File folder includes correspondence between authors. Warfield, John N., Status of ISM Software in the United States (Report to NSF, Order No. 82-SP0583, February 1982). J. N. Warfield, 96 Wildflower Drive, Charlottesville, VA. (1982) 7p. Results of a telephone survey, whereby the author contacted all locations where there was reason to suspect that ISM software might be installed. A primary aim was to determine what kind of computer the software was installed in, since new installations might benefit by using software that had already been converted to a particular machine type. A secondary aim was to determine whether the software was the Battelle version or the Dayton version, and to identify a person that might be telephoned later on for further information concerning local policy re availability of the software by remote telephone line. Warfield, John N., Symposium: Systems Methodology Applied to Government. A General Survey of Systems Methodology: Proc. 26th Ann. Meeting Society for General Systems Research with AAAS, Washington, D. C., January 5 - 9, 1982, Intersystems Publishers (1982) Page 976. This is a short paper, giving introductory comments spoken by the author when he served as chairman of a symposium of three speakers, Christakis, Johnson, and Moore, whose papers were presented in that order, at a meeting of the Society for General Systems Research in 1982. Hood, W. C., R. B. McDonald and A. N. Christakis, Planning with the Virginia Division of Forestry. A General Survey of Systems Methodology: Proc. 26th Ann. Meeting Society for General Systems Research with AAAS, Washington, D.C., January 5-9, 1982, Intersystems Publishers (1982) Plans for organizational restructuring based on group decisions. Hood, William C. and Alexander N. Christakis, (eds)., A Futures Workshop for the North Piedmont Area [for] Virginia Division of Forestry, March 29, 1982. Center for Interactive Management, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1982) 51p. A CIM REPORT: During the workshop, participants were involved in generating and organizing goals for the area for the year 2000, and identifying trends that could help achieve these goals. Christakis, Alexander, Pathways to Peace. Futures (December 1982) The author advocates systems thinking practiced in a disciplined learning situation such as Interactive Management, as a major tool for breaking down barriers to world harmony. Creating the State Forestry Future [for] Virginia Division of Forestry April, 1982. Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1982). A CIM REPORT: At present the IASIS file contains only the two-page Executive Summary of this report, which was written in 1982 as a presentation designed to focus the value of information derived from Interactive Management sessions over a 2-year working period with state forestry officials. Donald, Robert B., Summary of Technology Transfer Workshop [for] Region 8 of USDA Forest Service, November 30-Dec. 1. USDA Forest Service, Region 8, Atlanta, GA (1982) one page. CIM REPORT: A one-page description of this workshop attended by key Forest Service staff, during which Interactive Management processes were used to identify barriers and propose solutions leading to a formulation of a structured action plan. When it is located, the complete report will be placed in this file folder. Warfield, John N. Strategic Planning for Saudi Arabia: Sigma 5 Meetings and Consensus Methodologies. Prepared for use as a part of the Final Report to SANCST (Saudi Arabian National Center for Science & Technology) being produced by JWK International of Annandale, Virginia. Manuscript, copyright by the author. (August 1982)78p. Although addressed to the Saudis, this report was designed to apply in any group problem solving situation, and contains the entire process of Interactive Management, in a simple basic outline. Portions of it were used as source material for reports, papers and graphics by CIM staff, copied and recopied many times, throughout the ensuing years of Interactive Management at University of Virginia and George Mason University. Contents: Introduction to Planning; The Sigma5 Meeting; Demosophia (situation room); Roles; Zonal Diagnosis in Interactive Planning; Consensus Methodologies; Scenario Writing; Delta Chart; Example of a Sigma5 Meeting Using Consensus Methodologies. When this (and other material coauthored with Kawamura) was finally printed, the JWK version was so watered down and altered that Warfield disowned it. However this original report, unaltered, was saved for use of students . Also included in folder: Correspondence, to Saudi officials, and from Aleco Christakis, commenting on the report. Jansen, Shirley A., Background and State of the Art, Chapter One, (Excerpts). In Olsen, S. A., (ed.) Group Planning and Problemsolving Methods in Engineering Management. Pages 710. WileyInterscience, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.(1982). Horst Rittel's `second generation design' term is investigated, and there is an analysis of the term `first generation' and its difference from `second'. The paper includes 4 figures of the design process: Linear, Circular, Feedback and Branching. Warfield, John N., Book Review of The Thoughts of C.S Peirce, by Thomas A. Goudge. Dover 1969, 360pp. University of Toronto, 1950, reprint. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC12 n5, (September-October 1982) Goudge's lengthy biography is used as a reference for this short paper, in which Warfield offers concise explanations of many of the important parts of Peircian theories on logic, scientific inquiry and the scientific method, induction and abduction, categories of relations, and the two terms invented by Peirce `phaneron' and `semiotic'. Williamson, Kenneth J. and Robert T. Hudspeth, Teaching Holistic Thought Through Engineering Design. Journal of Engineering Education (April 1982) The authors address the problem of how to develop the ability for innovative design which is so much a basic need of all engineering activity. They believe that most current engineering curricula is deficient in resources for teaching design skills. `... a Design-oriented introductory course in oceanengineering is described. Both brain hemispheres should be used...' Warfield, John N., Interpretive Structural Modeling (Encyclopedia article). Center for Interact ive Management, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (July 1982) 16p. This is a copy of the original typewritten manuscript, completed in 1982, and submitted to George Klir, who was acting as the U.S. editor for the Encyclopedia. The article was printed by Pergamon Press when the encyclopedia was finally published, in 1987. See also IASIS File No. 87/027, for the published version of this article. Sowelti, Scott, ISM-Invention Workbook, 3rd revision. English Department, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls (1983,1985) 67p., variously paged. Designed by Professor Cawelti for use with his English classes at the University of Northern Iowa, this workbook contains a series of exercises that give students understanding in how to read, construct, and plan a structural modeling process, in a simple primer format. Appendices to: Strategic Planning for the National Computer Graphics Association, April 20, 1983. Center for Interactive Management, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1983) 25p. A CIM REPORT: See File 83/018. Korrida, Jacques, The Principle of Reason. Diacritics XIX (1983) 320. (trans. C. Porter & E. P. Morris). This paper is part of the documentation and reference materials supporting a paper Dr. John Warfield was writing in 1988 titled: The Great University. Consensus Methodologies: A New Concept. The City, Bangalore, India (June 5 1983) TAB,p. 26. A newspaper clipping. This is an interview with Dr. G. S. Chandy on the subject of a new company, named `Genesys', which is being formed in Bangalore, India. Mr. Chandy describes the work of J.N. Warfield at Battelle Memorial Institute and at University of Virginia. The article contains a photograph of Mr. Chandy. Christakis, Alexander N., Planning, Design and Implementation: The SIGMA Strategy. Presented at the Cairo, Egypt Conference on Planning & Implementation Strategies to Alleviating Congestion in Cairo, April 17, 1983. Center for Interactive Management, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (1983) 28p. A paper presented by the author at the Cairo (Egypt) Conference on Planning and Implementation Strategies to Alleviating Congestion in Cities, April 17, 1983. This is an excellent description of many of the concepts which were being put into practice at the new Center for Interactive Management in Charlottesville. Cousteau, Jacques-Yves, High Time to Get to a Higher Level. Calypso Log v10 n2 (June 1983) 13. Cousteau on the subject of systems. The article is extractions from testimony given by Cousteau before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Science, Research and Technology, Committee on Science and Technology, March 1st, 1983. Eul-Bischoff, Margot, Frank Esser and Eckart Bierdumpel, Annotierte Bibliographie Interpretative Strukturmodellierung (Arbeitsbericht Nr. 51. Gleichzeitig Bericht Nr. 3des Projektes `ISM'). Alle Rechte der Veröffentlichung..Köln, FRG (September 1983) 134p. Autographed by Margot Eul-Bischoff, this was a gift copy of an ISM bibliography printed in the German language in Cologne, West Germany. Naagaki, Toshiyuki and David M. Himmelblau, Hierarchical Determination of Precedence Order and Representation of Digraphs. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics vSMC13 n3 (May-June 1983) 406413. The authors describe research on how to incorporate logic elements in structural models of curricula, using a basis in interpretive structural modeling. Hanes, F. Ross, Planning for the Future of Engineering Education [for] School of Engineering and Applied Science. Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1983) 70p., variously paged. A IM REPORT: A report on meetings held at the Center for Interactive Management during the Spring Semester, 1983. Engineering faculty from the school of Engineering at the University of Virginia participated in planning sessions. Mackett, D. J., A. N. Christakis and M. P. Christakis, Designing and Installing an Interactive Management System for the Southwest Fisheries Center. Proc. 3rd Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, ASCE, San Diego (June 1983) The Southwest Fisheries Center introduced Interactive Management as a process tool to enable better functioning of their government agency when interacting with private citizens and industrial concerns who were stakeholders in the future of the Pacific fishing grounds. Mackett, David J., (ed.), Workshop on Long-Range Planning for the North Pacific Albacore Fishery [for] National Marine Fisheries Service, June 12, 1983 (Technical Memo NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC37). U. S. Dept. of Commerce (November 1983) 53p. IM REPORT: A report on a workshop held at the Southwest Fisheries Center, La Jolla, California, June 12, 1983, and published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, in the Technical Memorandum cited above. Southwest Fisheries Center & Southwest Regional Office Task Force for Albacore Program Planning, Workshop on Long-Range Planning for the North Pacific Albacore Fishery June 12, 1983. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center, La Jolla, CA (July 1983) 73 p. IM REPORT: A report on the Interactive Management workshop held in June 1983 at La Jolla, California. This report is more detailed and lengthy than a similar report published later by U.S. Dept of Commerce Zaltman, Gerald, Knowledge Disavowal in Organizations, Chapter 10 in Kilman, et al, (eds.) Producing Useful Knowledge for Organizations. Praeger (1983) Management must learn to cope with information systems that are influenced in design by the previous knowledge of the designers, with or without their conscious awareness of the influence. U.S. Forest Service, Non-Industrial Private Forest Lands Forum - Issues, Options and Responsibilities St. Louis, Missouri, October 31-November 3, 1983. State & Private Forestry, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. (1984) USGPO 1984- 0420932/2147. 84p. IM REPORT: To consider problems and opportunities for managing NIPF (nonindustrial private forest lands) this forum included : Owners of NIPF lands, professional foresters providing consulting services to NIPF lands, Forest industry, State Foresters, and Federal agencies involved in NIPF lands. The Federal agencies were Forest Service, Soil Conservation Service, Cooperative Extension Service and Tennessee Valley Authority. Through the Interactive Management process, there was an exploration of relative roles and responsibilities regarding timber harvests, the environment, tax policies, reforestation, adequate national timber supply, etc. Warfield, John N., Organizations and Systems Learning. General Systems vXXVII (1982) 574. Considered by the author to be one of his most important papers, this was the basis for his Presidential Address before the Annual Meeting of the Society for General Systems Research, May 26, 1983, in Detroit, Michigan. The paper describes Interactive Management processes developed by the author and put into use in his research Center at the University of Virginia. Excerpts from this paper were reprinted in every Center for Interactive Management report produced by Christakis, Keever and other research staff during their years as Warfield's associates. (The 1982 date of the citation is correct. The XXVII Yearbook received the article in latter part of 1982 and dated the yearbook 1992 although the volume was not printed and distributed until long after. The paper was formally presented in the address to the Annual Meeting in the spring of 1993) Warfield, John N., Systems Oriented Environmental Education. In B. H. Banathy, (ed.), Systems Education: Perspectives, Programs, Methods, Intersystems Publications, Seaside, CA (1983) Because of its significance to environmental education, there are two copies of this paper in the IASIS file. This 1983 version is a reprint of the paper which was published four years earlier in the 1979 Proceedings of London meeting of Society for General Systems Research (see IASIS File 79/028), in which the author introduced the term `Collective Inquiry' to describe his view of how the process of environmental education should work, by use of shared knowledge combined with a computer-assisted group learning process called Interpretive Structural Modeling. Strategic Planning for the National Computer Graphics Association, A First Step. Center for Interactive Management, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1983) 51p. A CIM REPORT: The method used by staff members of the Center for Interactive Management at University of Virginia helped the participants to develop a mission statement, a set of goals and a set of potential accomplishments to be achieved in the next 5 years. The Long Range Planning Process of the National Computer Graphics Association: A Report Submitted by the Long Range Planning Committee, October 1983. Center for Interactive Management, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1983) 28p. plus appendices. A CIM REPORT: The Interactive Management approach fulfilled the need of a long range planning process that would provide overall direction for the National Computer Graphics Association and guidance to the staff. Participants were able to arrive at a mission statement and a set of goals that would support the mission. Nagiyama, Kozo and Mitsuhiko Toda, Visual Q-Analysis (I): A Case Study of Future Computer Systems Development in Japan. Cybernetics and Systems v14 (1983) 185-228. See IASIS File 83/026, for a companion article, written by the same authors. The authors propose `a novel method called Visual Q-Analysis' to analyze complexity in both social and technological areas, using a computerized hierarchical method. Workshops on Search and Track SBU Concepts and Local Area Defense Systems Concepts [for] Naval Surface Weapons Center. Center for Interactive Management, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (June 1983) 27p. A CIM REPORT Warfield, John N., Comments on B. Golden & A. Assad "A Preliminary Framework for Urban Model Building." In H. Wedde, (ed.), Adequate Modeling of Systems: Proceedings International Working Conference on Model Realism, Bad Honef, Germany, 1982, Springer-Verlag, W. Germany (1983) In this critique of the Golden/Assad paper, Warfield asserts that the arbitrary designation of urban resources without recourse to human participation (by lay persons) results in ineffective models which are never utilized, and that this deficiency could be corrected with methodology proposed by Warfield and others, to produce a beneficial and usable model of urban design. McDonald, Robert B. and A. N. Christakis. Pathways for Forestry in Mississippi, Report No. 2, on Symposium held April 56, 1983, for Mississippi Forestry Commission and the U.S. Forest Service. Mississippi Forestry Commission (January 1985) 42p. IM REPORT: Interactive Management techniques were used to develop a model of goals and objectives for the forest industry in Mississippi, in the areas of forest productivity and reforestation of idle lands, market development, research, taxation policy, foreign trade, education, transportation. The `PATHWAYS FOR FORESTRY' initiative was explored by a task force of industrial and educational forestry experts, to provide recommendations to the Governor of Mississippi. In a workshopsymposium held April 56, 1983, a description of a desired forestry future, and working objectives, tasks and responsibility recommendations for 21 goals to achieve that future were written. McDonald Robert B., and Dan Simmons, Pathways for Forestry in North Carolina for North Carolina Forestry Commission (Report on meetings held in December 1982 and November 1983). North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development (August 1984) 36p. IM REPORT: Several regional workshops, as well as a Statewide workshop , culminated in this report which is a State Forest Resource Plan. A group of forestry leaders in North Carolina established a ninemember steering committee charged with developing a broadbased, comprehensive longrange forestry plan for North Carolina. The effort was sponsored by the North Carolina Forestry Association, which developed a network of regional meetings involving over 100 representatives of all segments of the forestry community, regarding goals and planning for timber productivity, multiple use of forestlands, market development, education and research. McDonald, Robert B. and Keith Grest, Goals and Management Emphasis Areas for the 1980's: National Forests in North Carolina. National Forests in North Carolina (circa 1983). IM REPORT: At present all we can locate is a one-page description of a 2-day workshop attended by 31 National Forests employees, in which Interactive Management methods were used to design action goals for the future. Toda, Mitsuhiko and Kozo Sugiyama, Visual Q-Analysis (II): Strategy Analysis for Future Computer Systems Development in Japan. Cybernetics and Systems v14 (1983) 229-251. This is a continuation of Visual Q-Analysis (I), which is in IASIS File No. 83/020. The structural modeling from the first paper is extended to evaluate strategies of technological developments...taking account of social needs, and then preferred paths of technological developments are determined... Kasparski, Wojciech W., Sydney A. Gregory, Richard Foque and Andrzej Strzalecki. Contemporary History of Design Science. In PRAXIOLOGY Yearbook No. 3, Institute of Philosophy & Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (1983) This article deals with `the possibility of the emergence of a unified design-science designology..' The entire 156 page yearbook is in the file folder. Contains other articles by Kotarbinski, Auspitz, Marty niak, Kuc, Kwiatkkowski, Bojarski, Berg, Tchon, Kiezun, Mlicki, Jerzak, and Zacher. Bowers, David G., What Would Make 11,500 People Quit Their Jobs? (Filed in Warfield study notebook titled `Contrasting Styles of Management'). Organizational Dynamics (Winter 1983). A psychologist studies the work environment and the management practices of the Federal Aviation Administration which contributed to the 1981 Air Traffic Controllers' strike. Weiner, Charles W., Jr., One Manager's Story of How He Made the Z Concept Work (Filed in Warfield's study notebook titled `Contrasting Styles of Management'). Management Review (May 1983) Theory Z management, imported from Japan and described by bestselling Japanese author William Ohuchi, is successfully applied in two American corporations. Warfield, John N., Contrasting Styles of Management: X vs Z. See note, below. This is not an article written by Warfield, but rather a small blue reportbinder in which he stored two separate papers: Bowers, David G., `What Would Make 11,500 People Quit Their Jobs?', a description of the air traffic controller's strike against FAA management which took place in August, 1981, and also Joiner, Charles W., Jr., `One Manager's Story of How he Made the Z Concept Work', a description of `Z management' (which had been learned from Ohuchi) in use at two U.S. corporations who adopted and used it (Chrysler Corporation & Mead Corporation). Zadeh, L. A., Linguistic Variables, Approximate Reasoning, and Dispositions. Med. Inform. v8 n3 (1983) The use of fuzzy sets is proposed to deal with linguistics. Waller, Robert J., Information Systems and the UNI School of Business: Project BIS. School of Business, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls (April 18 1983) 14p. This is a draft, informal copy of a talk and planning session Waller had with his School of Business faculty meeting, in which plans for advancing the School of Business curriculum included purchase and use of new computer technologies. NOTE: This paper was one of several which John has stashed into a Teaching Materials folder labelled: STUDY: Group Work Support Facility Design. Tawa, John F., Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine (Excerpts, pages viix, xiv, 5155) AddisonWesley (1983). This is a textbook. In the preface, the author, who is at IBM Systems Research Institute, states `Most AI textbooks emphasize algorithms and programming techniques. This book emphasizes knowledge representation.' Organizational Dynamics v11 n4 (Spring 1983) 80p.Complete issue. Contents: Mintzberg, H., `Why America Needs, but Cannot Have, Corporate Democracy'; `Conversation with Editors on W. Spencer & Fosten A. Boyle'; Baird, L. and K. Kram, `Career Dynamics: Managing the Superior/Subordinate Relationship'; Steele, F., `Ecology of Executive Teams: A New View of the Top.' Organizational Dynamics vll n3, (Winter 1983) 80p. Complete issue. Contents: Bowers, D.B., `What Would Make 11,500 People Quit Their Jobs?'; Nadler & Lawler, `Quality of Work Life: Perspectives & Directions'; Sathe, V., `The Controller's Role in Management'; Marsland, S. and M. Beer, `The Evolution of Japanese Management: Lessons for U.S.'; Zussman, Y. E., `Learning from the Japanese: Management in a ResourceScarce World.' Alderman, J. L. and G. W. Dalton, Physical Security Methodology Development. Mantech International Corp. Alexandria, VA (February 1984) 106p., variously paged. Final report and detachable Summary of Final Report. Prepared for Federal Emergency Management Agency Contract EMW-C0899, Work Unit No. 5321B, contained in two spiralbound pamphlets. The Controlled Ordering Methodology (COM) is presented as a `new procedure' for assisting decision making in the field of civil defense at federal, state and local level. Belli, Manfred, CAUSOR, A Program for the Analysis of Recursive and Interdependent Causal Structures (Version 3.10). Dept. d'Econometrie, Universite de Geneve (April 1984) 47p. The author described CAUSOR a s `a standard FORTRAN program designed to bring out structural properties of systems of equations..work pursued at MIT in 1981, and ..IBM Armonk in ..1982'. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) User's Guide, Version 1.0, June 1984. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (1984) 210p. variously paged. The Guide is divided into two parts: A brief overview of how to use the ISM programs, and a detailed programmer's guide to assist in the implementation of the software. This guide was prepared under the supervision of A. N. Christakis and D. B. Keever. Jackson, James P., Nonindustrial Private Forests: A New Look at an Old Problem. American Forests (February 1984) 2527, 28, 54, 5861. Also in the same folder, a companion article from the same issue: Non-industrial Private Forests: A Commentary. The two articles relate to the Interactive Management sessions held for the U.S. Forest Service in St. Louis, in November 1983. Hindenberger, Steve A., Using Decision Making Tools to Solve Quality Problems. Copyright by the author. (September 1984) 134p. An application of Interpretive Structural Modeling in an industrial manufacturing situation. Preliminary Arrangements for an ISM Exercise: Papers on the Agenda and Background Work for National Marine Fisheries Service Workshops. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1984) 34 leaves, including one large 20x30 inch Options Field Chart. Informal collection of papers related to workshops held in La Jolla, CA January 18-19, 1984. 1) Agenda 2)What the Panel will be expected to do 3)Chart-Options Field for Guiding design..program for albacore research 4)Annotated options field 5) Capsule descriptions of each design category 6)Options Profile Method, description 7) Nominal Group Technique, description. Parrish, R. and D. Mackett, Compilers, Strategic Plan for the National Marine Fisheries Service's North Pacific Albacore Fishery Program, January 1819, 1984, Administrative Report LJ8409. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center, La Jolla, CA (April 1984) 29p. IM REPORT: This report describes the strategic plan developed by a meeting of the National Marine Fisheries Service directors in January 1984, and is a followup to Interactive Management workshops in 1983. The report includes a large fold-out Options field/Options profile chart produced at the meeting. Prolurow, Lawrence M. and Charles W. Gerson, Executive System for Curriculum Analysis and Mapping (ES-CAM). CEEDE, University of Iowa, Oakdale, IA (1984) 8p. The authors propose a curriculum development tool based on Interpretive Structural Modeling. Kochi, Azuma, Masahito Kurihara and Ikuo Kaji, A Theorem and a Procedure for the Complete Implication Matrix of System Interconnection Matrices. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC4 n3 (May/June 1984) A suggested procedure for calculating the complete implication matrix in O(mn)2 time. Warfield, John N., Advancement de L'Administration Participatif. Proc. 6th Congress of World Organization for General Systems and Cybernetics. Paris, September 1984, AFCET, Paris (1984). The title and abstract are in the French language. Text of paper is in English. A descriptive piece outlining the major components of the Interactive Management system being developed at the University of Virginia. Idea generation by groups, Idea clarification by groups, Structuring sets of ideas in groups, Designing alternatives to solve a problem, Choosing one alternative from a set of alternatives, and Producing translatable graphics representations are the six modular functions of the system. They are applied in an environment of recurring testing and evaluation, in a specially designed room. Warfield, John N., A Course in Generic Design for Engineers. Institute for Information Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (November 1984) 11p. A manuscript written in November 1984, describes the author's design course which he taught in the early `80's at the University of Virginia, prior to his move to George Mason University in 1984. Warfield, John N., A Directory of Persons Knowledgeable About ISM. Copyright by the author (1984) 2p. Compiled by the author approximately 1984, this is a list of fourteen individuals, with brief descriptive paragraphs of how and where they used ISM and the Consensus Methodologies. Warfield, John N., A Model of a Discipline. Proc. of the 1984 IEEE Conference on Systems, Man & Cybernetics, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, October 10-12, 1984, IEEE, NY (1984) 78-84. The basic elements of fundamentals which became Warfield`s `Domain of Science' model are all found in this paper. C. S. Peirce is mentioned in the paper, as an intellectual source for the work. Warfield, John N., Principles of Interactive Management. Proc. International Conference On Cybernetics and Society, Bombay and New Delhi, December 30, 1983 - January 7, 1984, IEEE, NY (1983) In this discussion of 18 `principles' , the author presents a full conceptualization of his Interactive Management method, describing in capsule form its important features, such as user participation, analysis of degrees of complexity, recognition of human roles, the triad of Content/Context/Process, the Sigma-5 concept, an improved situation room design, and the use of seven specific Consensus Methodologies. Warfield, John N., Progress in Interactive Management. Proc. 6th Congress World Organization for General Systems and Cybernetics, Paris, September 1984, AFCET, Paris (1984). This paper is the English version of the paper in IASIS File No. 84/010. It is a general descriptive piece about the Interactive Management process, itemizing its distinctive features, and giving locations where the process is in use as a planning/management tool. Warfield, John N., Selecting Participation Methodologies for Systems Design. Proc. International Conference On Cybernetics and Society, Bombay and New Delhi, December 30-1983 - January 7, 1984, IEEE, NY (1983) First identifying a set of nine specific functions which are entailed in good group design work, the author presents a set of 31 key criteria, chosen to enhance these functions, displayed in a chart which groups the criteria under the nine categories, and can be used to assist in making good selections from the large number of methodologies that are being recommended for participative activity. Wood, William C. and Alexander N. Christakis, A Methodology for Conducting Futures-Oriented Workshops. Technological Forecasting & Social Change v26 (1984) A methodology for citizen involvement in the planning activities of a state natural resource agency. Wood, Michael J., Relationship of Complexity to Problem-Solving Along with a Synthesis of Selected Problem-Solving Techniques. (July 1984) 68p. Christakis, Alexander N., Participative Technology Assessment. In L. Beaver, (ed.), Technology Assessment: Proc. of the Ninth in the Series of FDA Science Symposia, 1984, Rockville, MD., Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. (1984) This paper was delivered as the Keynote Speech of the Symposium. The author proposes that the Technology Assessment movement could benefit from recent developments in the theory and practice of Interactive Management which makes possible a `participative' program involving relevant and interested stakeholders. Christakis, A. N. and D. B. Keever, (eds.), Report of Problem Identification Session and Problem Resolution Session [for] Agricultural Research Service, May 22, 1984. Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1984) 39p. A CIM REPORT: Selected group management processes, provided by trained facilitators, helped managers of the Agricultural Research Service to: a)identify critical problems confronting the Beltsville area and explore their interdependencies, b) generate options for problem resolution, c) organize these options into categories for future work. Christakis, A. N. and D. B. Keever, (eds.), Solving Managerial Problems in Laboratory Quality Assurance, July 17, 1984. Interactive Management Corporation, Charlottesville, VA (1984) 27p. IM REPORT: In a seminar attended by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and the Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease, the Interactive Management approach was used to enable the participants to anticipate some important managerial problems in quality assurance, identify options/opportunities for resolving these problems and organize these options/opportunities into clusters. Christakis, Alexander N. and David B. Keever (eds.), The Role of Systems Engineering at NADC [for] Naval Surface Weapons Center, Dahlgren, VA, December 17, 1984. Interactive Management Corporation, Chantillty, VA (1984) 62p. variously paged. IM REPORT: Thirteen managers from the Systems Engineering Directorate of the Naval Air Development Center at Warminster, PA attended a 3-day retreat to discuss role identification and affiliated management problems facing the Directorate. Interactive Management sessions were held on the last two days of the meeting and recommendations were developed for further work. Christakis, A. N. and D. B. Keever (eds,), Goals Identification and Structuring Session of Executive Committee of Fairfax Chamber of Commerce, November 30, 1984. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1984) 41p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Consensus methodologies enabled the participants to clarify the mission of the Fairfax Chamber of Commerce for the next 5 years, identify and structure goals supporting this mission, and initiate a long-range planning process. Christakis, A. N. and D. B. Keever (eds.), EPA's Seminar on Reliability Concepts in the Design of Publicly Owned Treatment Works, December 15, 1984. Interactive Management Corporation, Chantilly, VA (1984) 30p. + appendices. IM REPORT: Members of the Environmental Protection Agency task force participated in a 2-day session to discuss the need of developing a research program to study the reliability of publicly owned treatment works. Consensus methodologies used during the session assisted the participants in identifying and structuring the research objectives to achieve a Reliability Program Goal. Christakis, A. N. and D. B. Keever, An Overview of Interactive Management. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (October 1984) 9 pages. This is a brief description of the Interactive Management concept developed by Warfield and described in many of his previously published papers. This `Overview' was produced by his associates for use as an Appendix in Center for Interactive Management client reports, and it was printed in approximately sixty Interactive Management reports during the years. McDonald, Robert B. and Susan Dulliver, Region I - Interactive Management Workshop/Region II - Interactive Management Workshop [for] Georgia Forestry Commission, May 1984. Georgia Forestry Commission? (1984). IM REPORT: At present all that we can locate is a one page description of these two workshops, held May 1516 and May 3031, 1984. A final report was prepared, in which a `map' of an intent structure was printed, and a description of the multi-session workshop was given. When this report is located, it will be placed in this file folder. McDonald, Robert B. and Ted Kaufman, Nominal Group Approach: Improving Forest Effectiveness and Efficiency [for] Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forests, April 2426, 1984. Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forests? (1983). One page. IM REPORT: At present, only a one-page description of this two-day management team meeting is available for the IASIS file. However, we hope to locate the complete report and when it is found it will be placed in this file folder. McDonald, Robert B. and Roger Franz, Regional Management Team Meeting: Emphasis Activities for the Next Five Years [for] Region 8, USDA Forest Service, June 1314, 1984. USDA Forest Service, Region 8, Atlanta, GA (1984). One page. IM REPORT: At present all that we can locate is a one-page description of a two-day workshop in which Interactive Management processes were used to arrive at a 5-year program of objectives and goals for the Region, attended by Region 8 supervisors. When found, the full report will go into this file folder. McDonald, Robert B. and A. N. Christakis, General Management Review - George Washington and Jefferson National Forests [for] General Management Review Team. General Management Review Team? (circa 1983/1984). One page. IM REPORT: All that we can locate at this time is a one-page description of a 2-day meeting of Forestry staff, in which consensus methodology techniques were used to identify management issues, concerns and opportunities. When available, the complete report will be placed in this folder. McDonald, Robert B. and Ted Kaufman, Jefferson National Forest Organizational Meeting [for] Jefferson National Forest, August 1516, 1984. Jefferson National Forest? (1984). One page. IM REPORT: At present all that we can locate is a one-page description of this meeting in which Interactive Management techniques were used to establish a set of objectives for the Management Team of Jefferson Forest. When it is located, the complete report on this 2-day session will be placed in this file folder. McDonald, Robert B. and Jerry McIlwain, Southern Region Fisheries and Wildlife Program Managers Workshop [for] Region 8, USDA Forest Service Fisheries, Wildlife and Range Staff Unit. U.S. Forest Service, Region 8, Atlanta, GA (circa 1984). One page. IM REPORT: No date is available but it was probably 19831984. Interactive management techniques employed with the meeting of about 60 people, to identify options for solving management problems. When the complete report is found (now missing) it will be placed in this folder. Washington Post, New Planning System Aims to Boost Speed, Flexibility. The Washington Post (September 30, 1984). An article about General Electric management. By Mark Potts. `...the company has changed...GE... has made its planning process quicker, more flexible...' Barron's, $230 Million Turkey: The Sad Saga of Trilogy. Barron's (August 27 1984) 3p. By news writer William M. Alpert. An example of ill-conceived design. Plans for developing the world's biggest computer chip came to grief because designers neglected to observe that no computer on earth was large enough to hold the chip and put it to use. Bennis, Warren, The Four Competencies of Leadership. Training & Development Journal v38 n8 August (1984) 1519. The author interviewed 90 outstanding leaders and their subordinates, ..after five years of research he identified four competencies common to all 90 leaders: Management of attention, Management of meaning, Management of trust, Management of self. Boulding, Kenneth E., National Defense As The Enemy of National Security. International Journal of Group Tensions v14 n14 (1984) The author presents some theories on the search for world peace. Peschanel, Frank D., System Design with the Right Brain. Proceedings of the World Organization for Cybernetics & Systems AFCET , Paris (1984) A discussion of the possibilities of interfacing leftright brain processes to preserve the advantages of each. A paper specifically saved because of its relevance to the improvement of generic design. Tribus, Myron, Reducing Deming's 14 Points to Practice. Center Advanced Engineering Study, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (June 1984) 10p. Possibly a speech? Author dates it, which is rare, and notes he is chairman of the Task Force of National Society of Professional Engineers. A description of how Deming's principles would work in a average company. Tribus, Myron, Deming's Redefinition of Management. Center Advanced Engineering Study, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (circa 1984?) 10p. An outline of the Deming method, item by item. No date is printed on the report, but we assume it to be approximately the same time period as one report from Tribus which is dated, 1984. Tribus, Myron, Deming's Way. Center Advanced Engineering Study, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (circa 1984?)7p. A description of Deming's system and its use in Japan. Wall Street Journal, AT&T Plan to Market a Computer Network Hits Snags Repeatedly. The Wall Street Journal Friday, July 13 (1984). By newswriter Claudia Ricci, the article discusses the chasm between design and marketing, with some insights on why an elaborate and expensive communication system fails to attract customers. Washington Monthly, Nobel Fever: Why The Engineers Left The Shop Floor. The Washington Monthly (June 1984) This article was written by Jonathan Rowe, Contributing Editor, and includes examples of engineering neglect of consumer needs, which compare poorly with Japanese engineering research methods. Article includes examples. Brochure, circa 19841985. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1985) one page. This leaflet, produced in the early years of the Center's installation at George Mason University, gives an excellent brief overview of the concepts and potential uses for Interactive Management processes. It includes a photo of `Demosophia', the situation room designed by Warfield and named by Christakis, which George Mason University built in Thompson Hall for the Center's use. Christakis, A. N., The National Forum on Nonindustrial Private Forest Lands. Systems Research v2 n3 (1985) This paper is a description of the Interactive Management sessions conducted for the U.S. Forest Service in November, 1983, at a hotel in St. Louis, Missouri. Mackett, David J., Strategic Planning for Research and Management of the Albacore Tuna Fishery. Systems Research v2 n3 (1985)and v3 n1 (1986) The National Marine Fisheries Service employed the principles of Interactive Management, supported by consensus-building techniques for facilitating meetings, as interested citizens were invited to state their goals for the fishery. A set of options was chosen by consensus to represent the strategic plan for the North Pacific albacore fishery. This paper has as an attachment a large fold-out chart of a complete options profile. Fiore, Carl M. and Allen Bukoff, The Watertown Capital Needs Priority Project. Watertown Town Council, Watertown, Mass. (November 1985) 15p. A report on a collaborative process to set capital spending priorities sponsored by the Watertown Town Council, Watertown School Committee, and Watertown Board of Library Trustees. Taguchi, Azuma, Masahito Kurihara and Ikuo Kaji, An Efficient Procedure for Transitive Coupling in ISM. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC15 n3 (May-June 1985) A suggested procedure which could lead to savings in computer time and storage, and ease of programming, for the interpretive structural modeling process. Warfield, John N., Developing a Design Culture in Higher Education: Some Laws and Principles of Design. General Systems vXXX (1987) 6368. [Reprinted from Proc. Intnl. Congress for General Systems Research, Los Angeles, May 27-31, 1985, Volume II, Intersystems (1985) 725-729] Writing on the fundamental principles of design which later developed into his 1990 book, the author discusses the generic aspects of design, how they may be conceptualized and studied and introduced into learning processes. Interactive Management and its Options Field/ Options Profile processes are described, as useful tools for design which he maintains should be a group process. . A new concept of university curriculum is proposed, in which the present-day Science/Humanities dichotomy is replaced by a three-part foundation which includes Design. Warfield, John N., On the Choice of Frames for Systems Studies. Systems Inquiring: Proc. Society for General Systems Research, Los Angeles, May 27-31, 1985, Volume I, Intersystems (1985) A proposal to improve and articulate the connection between systems studies and the accumulated body of knowledge. The author introduces his concept of a `cosmic partition' containing the divisions Library, Phaneron and Residue. In this paper there is a review of Peirce's basic `phaneron' terminology, as well as the `three worlds' introduced later by Popper. Warfield, John N., Structural Analysis of a Computer Language. Proc. 17th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, Auburn, AL, March 24-26, 1985, IEEE, NY (1985) Suggestions for improving the quality of computer language design, by use of complexity-reducing techniques, augmented by graphic representations of the languages. The computer language ALGOL is used as an example of current poor design techniques. Christakis, Alexander and Yamuna Prabhu, A Role for Systems Scientists in the Age of Design. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (September 1985) 49p. Beginning with a description of Warfield's new Theory of Generic Design which proposes the use of the terms `Library', `Phaneron', and `Residue' as subdivisions for the entire universe of thought and reality, this paper describes a new type of systems scientist called `Pilotos' who should be trained to make available to the public the knowledge of Phaneron and Library through computer-assisted methods. Christakis, A. N. and Sharon E. Heidtman, Designing Action Plans for Managing Laboratory Quality Assurance [for] Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart & Lung Disease, FDA, June 25-26, 1985. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1985) 60p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: A group of scientists and administrators from the fields of analytical chemistry and health sciences work to design solutions to the management problems facing laboratory quality assurance. Christakis, A. N. and D. B. Keever (eds.), Agricultural Research Service Management Retreat, June 12-13, 1985. Interactive Management Corporation, Chantilly, VA (1985) 63p., variously paged. IM REPORT: Participants at the workshop reviewed and discussed management problems facing Agricultural Research Service. Trained Interactive Management facilitators, using selected group management processes, help the group to a)identify critical problems confronting the area, b) develop a sequence for addressing the major problems, c)generate options/opportunities for problem resolution. Christakis, A. N., (ed.), The Emergence of a New GMU Image for 1990, April 30, 1985. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1985) 50p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Participants at 2 Interactive Management sessions were engaged in an identification and clarification of characteristics for the image of George Mason University for 1990. Using Nominal Group Technique and Interpretive Structural Modeling, the 13 participants were able to develop a shared understanding of the myths and realities concerning the future of GMU, and a pattern characterizing a future image. North Pacific Fisheries Forum [for] National Marine Fisheries Service and National Fisheries Institute, February 4-6, 1985, Seattle, WA. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1985) 90p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Representatives from industry and government worked together with the aid of the Interactive Management process, to resolve complex problems of merchandising, harvesting, resource allocation, international competition, quality control, worker safety, capital outlay, etc, in the production of fish products for the American market. Goal Identification and Structuring Session of the Advisory Council of Public Technology, Inc., October 5, 1985. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1985) 35p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Using a set of consensus methodologies designed by the Center for Interactive Management, the members of the Advisory Council were able to identify and structure goals/objectives for the Public Technology, Inc. of the future. (See also IASIS 86/022). University of Northern Iowa, Interpretive Structural Modeling on the Burroughs B20: User's Guide. School of Business, Univ. of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, (1985) 32p. Developed by Robert Waller, Scott Cawelti and Diane Sullivan at the University of Northern Iowa, as part of a Burroughs Corporation program supporting university-sponsored research. Keever, David, Design for Improving University/Industry Cooperative Research Projects. Systems Inquiring: Proc. Society for General Systems Research, Los Angeles, May 27-31, 1985, Intersystems (1985) Interactive management is suggested as an appropriate procedure for promoting effective participatory action for goals common to both university and business. Broome, B. J. and D. B. Keever, Facilitating Group Communication: The Interactive Management Approach. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1985) 32p. A paper presented at the convention of the Eastern Communication Association, Atlantic City, NJ, April 23-26, 1986. Christakis, A. N., High Technology Participative Design: The Space-Based Laser. General Systems vXXX (1987) 6975. [Reprinted from Proc. 1985 Intn'l Conference Society General Systems Research, vII (1985) 925-933] This paper discusses how the application of an Interactive Management approach increases the efficiency of design, in a specific application to conceptual design of a space-based laser system. Warfield, John N., Institutionalizing Environmental Education. Environ. Education & Information v4 n3 (1985). In a journal published at University of Salford, Manchester, England, this article gives suggestions for introducing new ideas or concepts into a school system, with special regard to interdisciplinary projects. The Regional Environmental Learning System (RELS) is described `...The core of the RELS concept is a system of roles, envisaged as interacting in such a way that the related problems are solved....'. Glaser, Michael B. (ed.), Tuna Fisheries Forum [for] National Marine Fisheries Service, Sept. 11-12, 1985, La Jolla, California. Office of Science & Technology, National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C. (1985) 31p. IM REPORT: This report is an Executive Summary of the meeting in which Interactive Management processes were used. A. Christakis and D. Keever were in attendance as facilitators, working with two other facilitators from the La Jolla Fisheries Center who had been trained in the methods in earlier workshops for the National Marine Fisheries Service. Center for Interactive Management, Application of Interactive Management at the U.S. Forest Service, January 22, 1985 (Executive Summary only). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1985) one page. IM REPORT: No report was written. The one-page Executive summary describes the one-day problem solving session, in which nominal group technique and an ISM structuring exercise were used. The structured map might still be in a file somewhere, to be placed in this file if we ever locate it. Center for Interactive Management, Forest Service Application of Interactive Management, 19821984. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (circa 1985) 14p. A summary of work done for various state and federal Forestry agencies over a two-year period. Includes names of Forest Service personnel, and titles of reports which were produced for each of eleven meetings or workshops in which Interactive Management processes were used. Krippendorf, Klaus, Book Review of The Science and Praxis of Complexity Symposium held at Montpelier, France, May 911, 1984. Published by United Nations University, Tokyo (1985). Journal of Communications Summer (1986) The review mentions several authors in Systems field who gave papers at this conference, Boulding, Klir, Zeleny, Prigogine, Le Moigne, Von Forster. Further, the author expresses surprise that there are not more `communications engineers' in representation at a conference of this nature. Glynn, Simon, Science and Perception as Design. Design Studies v6 n3 (July 1985) Published in England. An analysis of the epistemological problems connected with the development of a science of design, or of any science. Parnas, David Lorge, Software Aspects of Strategic Defense Systems. (Reprint from American Scientist v73 n5 pp.) Communications of the ACM v28 n12 (December 1985) A former member of the SDIO Strategic Defense Initiative Operation (panel on Computing in Support of Battle Management) explains why he believes the `star wars' effort will not achieve its stated goals... This is a collection of eight short essays published as a single article in American Scientist. The essays were submitted with the author's resignation, at the time he resigned from SDIO explaining that he believed the software required by Strategic Defense Initiative would not be trustworthy. Prabhu, Yamuna, Why Interactive Management Could Work in India: Some Considerations. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (April 1985) 8p. Captions for divisions in this paper: `The Management Scene in India an Overview', `The Nature of Indian Thought: A Philosophic Outlook'. Watson, Thomas J., Jr., A Business and its Beliefs. Computerworld (December 14, 1985) Extra Section. `IBM means Service'.Thomas Watson Jr., remembers his father, IBM's legendary T. J. Watson Sr., and the beliefs that built a company. Reprinted excerpt from the book of the same title, published by McGrawHill . Waller, Robert J., Traps That Lurk in Your Decisions. The Detroit Register, The Forum Sunday no date. (circa 1985). In a speech to the Iowa Association of School Boards, Waller discusses the benefits of using ISM. `In designing a future for a community, in creating a vision, we are dealing with problems of enormous complexity'...Change requires decisions, lots of them, and a sheer `muddling through strategy' for a community likely will lead to some serious unforeseen situations. Warfield, John N., A Course in Generic Design. Institute for Information Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1985) 41p. This is the English language version of the article which was translated into Polish and printed under the title `Projektowanie Ogolne Dla Inzynierow' in 1990. The Polish language version is in IASIS File 90/011. The paper is a course outline for a college-level class in generic design, based on courses in generic design for engineering students, taught by the author at University of Virginia in the early 1980s. The same material was taught in course offerings for non-engineering students, at George Mason University, after 1984. Haiku, M.N.B., Towards Implementing the Menon Report: A Systems Approach Using ISM. Systems Research v3 n4 (1986) This paper describes an ISM exercise done at the Center for Interactive Management at George Mason University on November 16, 1985. The Menon Report dealt with goals of technology transfer among member nations of the British Commonwealth. Yamoto, Sadaaki, Ko Oi, Osamu Abe, Atsuo Katsuya and Kazuhiko Nakayama, Directed Graph Representations of Association Structures: A Systematic Approach. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man & Cybernetics vSMC16 n1 (January-February 1986) The authors present procedures for structuring `psychological associations' and their interrelations. Warfield, John N., Dimensionality. Proc. Of The 1986 IEEE International Conference On Systems, Man & Cybernetics, Atlanta, GA, October 14-17, 1986, IEEE, NY (1986) Appearing here in print for the first time are the Warfield `QUADS', overlapping triangular figures which produce a greater effectiveness in describing and understanding quantitative and qualitative factors in the same formula. New interpretations of the terms `dimension' and `dimensionality' are given to provide a better description and understanding of complex systems. Warfield, John N., The Domain of Science Model: Evolution and Design. Proc. International Conference on Mental Images, Values and Reality: Society for General Systems Research Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, May 26-30, 1986,Vol I, Intersystems (1986) H46-H59. Considered by the author to be one of his most important papers, this is the first date on which the `Domain of Science' graphical model appeared in publication. The model is an effort to describe all of human knowledge in a format which can be understood and applied in all fields of research, and the theory behind it is based in part on the writings of Charles Peirce. Warfield, John N., Education in Generic Design. Proc. International Conference on Mental Images, Values and Reality: Society General Systems Research Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, May 26-30, 1986, Vol. I, Intersystems (1986) H22-H33. A graphical figure of the author's newly developed Domain of Science model appears in this paper. The Sigma5 figure originated by Warfield is also in this article in print for the first time, although it had been used frequently in presentations by CIM staff, prior to its publication here. The Sigma concept was first used by Warfield in Saudi Arabia (1981-1982) and shortly thereafter in Brazil (May 1982). Broome, Taft H., Jr., The Slippery Ethics of Engineering. The Washington Post Sunday, December 28, (1986), Page D3. The author examines the implications inherent in largescale engineering projects which are designed with a `risk factor' which presupposes some possible dangerous outcomes but does not prevent actual construction and/or operation of the project. `in a worst case, technological and engineering elites could wield such power as to invite unprecedented horrors upon the public.' He cites Bhopal, Three Mile Island, and the Challenger Space Mission as examples. Warfield, John N., Micromathematics and Macromathematics. Proc. Of The 1986 IEEE Intnl. Conference on Systems, Man & Cybernetics, Atlanta, GA, October 14-17, 1986, IEEE, NY (1986) Peirce's ideas on symbolic logic and the organization of human knowledge are the foundation for Warfield's presentation of a model of information-gathering and processing which will reliably and incrementally increase humanity's storehouse of accurate, usable scientific knowledge. In part, this paper is a protest against current enshrinement of the superficial and insufficient `Artificial Intelligence'. Borman, Nina and Rebecca A. Bishop (eds.), Report on the Followup Session of the Alliance for Nursing Organizations, November 1986. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1986) 32p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Members of the Alliance for Nursing Organizations met for a 2-day followup Interactive Management session, to continue their work from a previous session on developing strategies for solving the nursing `problematique'. Additional options were generated, clarified and integrated into a final Options Field. Rolkema, Roger J., with contributions by M. A. Fiore, J. N. Warfield and David Keever. Curriculum Workshop: Mathematics for Computer Science [for] National Science Foundation, November 1011, 1986 and May 4, 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, Va (1987) 52p. A CIM REPORT: The objective of this project was to design a learning sequence of mathematics courses which would best prepare students for competence in computer science. In the workshop sessions, software was used for the first time which enables a group to map a solution structure onto a problem structure. Chapman, R. E. and David B. Keever (eds.), Improving the Research and Development Procurement Process for DARPA- Related Projects, March 2425 and April 15, 1986. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1986) 42p. A CIM REPORT: In a Conference sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency consensus methodologies allowed participants to understand collectively the effects of recently enacted legislation of the technology base R&D procurement process, identify ways which could significantly reduce time to contract, and propose an action plan for improving the system. Broome, Benjamin J. and Margaret A. Fiore, (eds.), Tribal Governance Issue Management [for] Americans for Indian Opportunity (AIO), September 2930, 1986. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1986) 69p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: The use of Interactive Management sessions to help leaders from several tribes identify and organize governance issues, and develop options for community leaders to consider for action. Keever, David (ed.), Understanding Defense System Management in a Form That Supports Action Planning, December 1517, 1986. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1986) 61p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: A report on Interactive Management sessions held for the Defense Systems Management College, Fort Belvoir, Virginia. Participants identified problems and options for the improvement of efficiency and effectiveness of defense systems acquisition management, and organized these options in a sequence that would support action-planning. Bishop, Rebecca A. and Alexander Christakis (eds.), Report on the Issues Identification and Structuring Session of the Alliance for Nursing Organizations, June 2324, 1986. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1986) 59p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: The effectiveness of the Interactive Management approach in discussing issue management for nursing in Virginia was realized by the participants in a 2-day session conducted at the Center for Interactive Management at George Mason University. For a report on a followup session the following November Keever, David and Alexander Christakis (eds.), Redesigning the National Marine Fisheries Service for the 1990's [for] National Marine Fisheries Service, February 1986. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1986) 117p. A CIM REPORT: The application of two consensus methodologies, namely Interpretive Structural Modeling and Nominal Group Technique, assisted the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) executives in the definition and structuring of anticipated problems for the NMFS of the 1990's, clarification of long-range goals, as well as development of options for the redesign of the NMFS of the future. Christakis, Alexander N., The Cosmology of Design. Proc. International Conference on Mental Images, Values and Reality: Society for General Systems Research Meeting, Philadelphia, May 26-30, 1986, Intersystems (1986) H1-H14. The author uses global peace as an example of how Warfield's generic design concepts can be applied to a topic, and explains the generic design partitions of the cosmos into Library, Phaneron and Residue. Christakis, Alexander N. and Yamuna Prabhu, A New Role for Systems Scientists. Proc. International Conference on Mental Images, Values and Reality: Society for General Systems Research Meeting, Philadelphia, May 26-30, 1986, Intersystems (1986) A48-A62. This paper defines and describes a new role for systems scientists in the context of the new cosmology and the emerging theory of generic design. The name of the role is `Pilotos', defined as a person who has acquired the behavioral & technical skills to use computer-assisted methodologies in order to efficiently organize ideas residing in the collective Phaneron and the Library, to apply to complex situations. Bishop, R. A. and A. N. Christakis, The DELTA Chart Portrayal of the Generic Design Methodology (GDM). Presented at annual meeting of American Society for Cybernetics, Virginia Beach, VA, February 1986. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1986). Becky Bishop was Dr. Warfield's secretary for a number of years, and she also studied Interactive Management facilitation, during her time as a GMU graduate student. She was one of the group from the Center for Interactive Management which went to the Virginia Beach conference to help promote Interactive Management, by giving a number of presentations on varying aspects of the methodology. For Becky, the DELTA chart idea was dusted off, and combined with another Warfield graphic portrayal concept, the Quad, in a paper which Aleco helped her to shape up for the conference. Warfield, John N., A Typology of Laws. Presented at annual meeting of American Society for Cybernetics, Virginia Beach, VA, February 20-23, 1986. Institute for Information Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1986) 13p. One of the earliest presentations of the `Domain of Science' graphical design, in a talk given at the American Society for Cybernetics meeting, where the author displayed a transparency of the Domain of Science figure, and proposed the use of a Domain of Science model as a means of judging the merit and validity of laws, stating that `laws are legitimized by their relevance in applications'. National Academy of Sciences. Report of the Research Briefing Panel on Decision Making and Problem Solving. Research Briefings 1986, National Academy Press, Washington, D. C. (1986) 1935. A summary review of current research efforts in the theory and practice of decision making, with suggestions of areas where expanded study and research is needed. Herrscher, E. G. and J. P. Van Gigch, Lessons and Experience in Strategic Planning in Developing Countries, Working Paper #10786. Presented at TIMS/ORSA Joint National Meeting Los Angeles, April (1986). School of Business and Public Administration, California State University, Sacramento, April (1986) 20p. Description of an environmental approach to economic planning, being taught in Argentina. Mills, Harlan D. (Warfield) Memo from J. N. Warfield to George Mason University Administrators Summarizing Mills' Thinking on Software Development. Institute for Information Technology, George Mason University, (April 1986) In a letter addressed to his university superiors, J. Wade Gilley and David King, Warfield states...`I hope that we might take advantage of his knowledge at critical decision points in our university evolution in the computer science and software engineering areas...' Olsten, Hilary and Alexander N. Christakis (eds.), Organizational Design Session of Public Technology, Inc, April 4, 1986. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1986) 27p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Designs were considered for future policy of the organization, as a followup to a goals identification and structuring session held the previous October Mills, Harlan D. (with SDI Advisory Committee Working Group on BM/C3). Software Engineering in the Strategic Defense Initiative. IBM Corporation (February 1986) 11p. Because of this paper and others like it, Warfield invited Mills to participate in an Interactive Management workshop at George Mason University, to structure needed curricula for computer science (see IASIS File No. 86/009). Mills states in this paper...`anyone can claim to be a software engineer regardless of their qualifications, because there are no effective qualifications today for software engineering..' Mills, Harland D. (with SDI Advisory Committee Working Group on BM/C3), Systems Engineering in the Strategic Defense Initiative. IBM Corporation (March 1986) 8p. The authors emphasize the need for a basic design methodology. Northern Virginia Business Magazine. TroubleShooters: The Center for Interactive Management. N. Virginia Business Magazine (September 1986) 2page Feature story. This is the feature story for this issue; the article contains a great big wonderful photo of Christakis leaning on a computer and staring soulfully at the camera. I think this is the same photo which was used for his Systems Profile article in the journal Systems Research. This article was written by Lisa Levinson. `How does [the Center] market the product in order to continue learning from it. Is our Center a business, or a research project? Pohl, Ira, SDI Software: AI is not the answer. Sigart Newsletter n96 (April 1986). A warning against placing too much faith in Artificial Intelligence. Robb, Fenton F., Operational Research and General Systems Thinking. European Management Journal v4 n1 (1986) Contrasting and analyzing the terms Operation Research and Systems Thinking, with suggestions of the value inherent in the latter. Stanchev, Ivan, Structural Entropy: A New Approach for Systems Structures Analysis. In R. Trappl (ed.), Cybernetics and Systems '86, pp. D. Reidel Publishing Company (1986). Turner, Frederick, Design for a New Academy. Harpers Magazine (September 1986) Calling for a fundamental change in academic structure, the author declares the need for specific content in classrooms, not method. [Letter enclosed by Warfield, who sent copy of article to President Lyndon B. Johnson] Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers, Kaoru Ishakawa, Editor. Reports of Statistical Application Research, Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers Special Issue: Seven Management Tools for Quality Control. JUSE(Union of Jap. Sci. & Engineers)v33 n2 (June 1986) 60p. Entire issue centered on Seven Management Tools for Quality Control which were first proposed in 1977 in Japan, and now in wide use in the country. Authors are: Yoshinobu Nayatani, Ryoji Futami, Fumio Asahide, Yasuo Kusamitsu, and Masaru Iwahashi. Washington Post, SDI Plans Are Likely to Fail, Pentagon Panel Concludes. The Washington Post (January 18, 1986) A1, A8. The Strategic Defense Initiative (`Star Wars') program is dissected by news reporter Fred Hiatt. Many design flaws are observed. Warfield, John N., A Complexity Metric for High-Level Software Languages. Proc. Intnl. Conference on Systems, Man & Cybernetics, Washington, D.C., October 21-23, 1987, IEEE, NY (1987) By designing a numerical measurement to designate complexity and usability of three computer languages (ADA, Pascal and ALGOL 60) the author demonstrates the relative complexity of the three. Warfield, John N. and Alexander N. Christakis, Dimensionality. Systems Research v4 n2 (1987) Although a paper by Warfield of the same title is also in this file (86/003), this paper by Warfield & Christakis is a completely different one, in which Zwicky's morphological box is used as a takeoff point to introduce the concept of `spaces of dimensionality higher than three' and showing that (in spite of reluctance of humans to grasp multi-dimensional problems) there exists a methodology where problems of many dimensions may be studied, using the concepts of Variety, Saliency and Parsimony, as laws and principles of generic design. Warfield, John N., Dual-Basis Design. (Prepared for Intnl. Congress on Planning & Design Theory, American Society Mechanical Engineers, Boston, August,1987) Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 10p. Introducing the concept of `due process' in design, providing a basis for identifying and monitoring responsible management practices, with the eventual outcomes of a lower rate of catastrophic design failures, and the elimination of much of the waste that characteristically occurs with large system design. This paper was translated into Polish, and published in a Polish journal in 1992. Warfield, John N., Thinking About Systems (An Editorial). Systems Research v4 n4 (1987) 227-234. Some comments and suggestions on how to deal with the problem that `overall growth and utility of knowledge is reaching a point of diminishing returns because of the disorganized state of knowledge' in which the author discusses the concepts of Linguistic Boundary Matching, Explicit Basis, Content-free Structures, and adjacent levels in the Universality of Structures, Unchecked Decay, Symmetric Dialog, Literature Evolution, Proionic Encounter, and the term `Science', as it relates to a `Domain of Science' model. Warfield, John N., Fundamentals of Complexity, Draft No. 1. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987). Presenting the problem that `the mind does not have the power or means to assess or measure with any precision whether it is or is not engaged with complexity' and the resulting consequences in faulty human endeavors and judgments, this paper tries to describe and promote the Interactive Management program currently at George Mason University, which uses processes unique in the field of management & systems design. Warfield, John N., Implications of Scale for System Design. (Presented Intnl. Society General Systems Research, Budapest June 1987) Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 6p. A proposal that scholars and professionals must work together with political leadership to develop reasonable standards for large-scale system design, ultimately to strive for world-wide legislation to protect humanity against irresponsible design of systems which produce world-wide consequences, which would affect all of humanity. Warfield, John N., The Domain of Science Model: Extensions and Restrictions, November 30,1987. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 13p. An introduction of the concept of `Universal Priors', after a review of the history of reasoning, and its relation to language and philosophy. The author gives a tentative list of his universal `priors', stating that `these are concepts without which there can be no science'. Warfield, John N., The Magical Number Three, Plus or Minus Zero. Presented at Annual Meeting of the International Society for General Systems Research, Budapest, Hungary, June 1987. Cybernetics & Systems (R. Trappl, ed.) v19 (1988) The work of George Miller and H. A. Simon is reinterpreted from the perspective of mathematical logic, showing substantive reason for the conclusion that three is the `magical number,' especially in system design theory. Warfield, John N., What Disciplines Large-Scale System Design? In P.C. Nutt, ed., Proc. Intnl. Conference on Planning & Design Theory, Boston, August 17-20, 1987 (Book No. 100240), American Society Mechanical Engineers (ASME) New York (1987) 1-8. Presented at the International Congress on Planning & Design Theory, Boston, August 17-20, 1987, this paper introduces the concept of design malpractice, with suggestions on how and why such malpractice occurs, and steps to be taken by professional, educational and governmental institutions to control and improve design, by fashioning relevant `design criteria.' Broome, Benjamin J. and Irene Fromer (eds.), Building a Consensus on a Winnebago Self-Sufficiency Plan [for] Winnebago Tribal Council, July 30-31, 1987, S. Sioux City, Nebraska. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 58p. + appendices. A CIM REPORT: Consensus methodologies were utilized to allow participants to clarify and structure problems, clarify options which would alleviate these problems, and assign options to specific problems. Fromer, Irene and Alexander N. Christakis (eds.), Moving Toward Effective Participation of Tribal Governments in the U. S. Federal System [for] Americans for Indian Opportunity June 29,1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 45p. variously pgd. A CIM REPORT: Thi s is a report on a barrier identification and structuring session for tribal government leaders and federal government officials, performed in a public forum for a legislative committee session in the R. B. Russell Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C. The Future of Volunteers in Human Services: Effecting Change [for] Fairfax-Falls Church United Way and TRW, Inc., Nov. 5, 1987, McLean, VA. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 85p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Application of Interactive Management provided managers from human service organizations (public and non-profit) the opportunities to learn new management tools in the development of volunteer programs. Keever, David B. and Traci LaBerge (eds.), Special Seminar on Acquisition Management Alternatives [for] Defense Systems Management College, November 30-December 4, 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 72p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Interactive Management sessions held during the Technical Managers Advance Workshop (TMAW881) helped participants define the development activities performed, and design a management structure that facilitates these activities. Culture of Volunteers in Human Services: A Commitment to Action [for] Fairfax-Falls Church United Way, March 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 71p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: The Interactive Management system helped participants of this public conference to develop a set of critical issues and appropriate means to integrate volunteers effectively into organizational plans and programs over the next several years. Fromer, Irene and Margaret Fiore (eds.), Defining the Self-Care Situation [for] The Self Care Institute, November 910, 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 45p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Participants in a 2-day workshop sponsored by the Self-Care Institute take important steps in further operationalizing the concept of self-care, identifying barriers to practice and research, and identifying ways to attract funding resources. Christakis, Alexander N., The Club of Rome Revisited. Systems Research v4 n1 (1987) A systems philosopher reviews his training and experience in relation to his development of a career in systems work. Keever, David, Generic Design Algebra. Presented Annual Meeting of International Society for General Systems Research, Budapest, June 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University (1987) 8p. Generic design algebra is being developed in an effort to extend the range of representation of design activities from the traditional domains of prose and graphics to the mathematical domain. This paper will `construct an algebraic representation of generic design based on...theory developed by Warfield.' Keever, D. B. and A. N. Christakis, Interactive Management for Organizational Redesign. Presented at the International Congress on Planning and Design Theory, Boston, August 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 8p. Keever, David, Problem Formulation During Organizational Redesign: Executive Transition and Future Leaders. Presented at the International Society General Systems Research, Budapest, June 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 9p. Christakis, A. N., L. K. Krause and Y. Prabhu, Synthesis in a New Age: A Role for System Scientists in the Age of Design. Systems Research v5 n2 (1988) This paper is a rewrite of an earlier version by Prabhu and Christakis which is also in the File, IASIS No. 86/016. Christakis, A. N., Human Settlement Design Revisited. Presented at the International Society for General Systems Research, Budapest, June 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) The author reviews an urban planning project in the metropolitan area of Detroit, giving new insights to the process from the perspective of generic design science. Fiore, M. and D. Keever, Applications of Generic Design Algebra to Retrospective Analysis of a Design Case. Presented at the International Society General Systems Research, Budapest, June 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 10p. Generic design science applied in retrospect to the Challenger disaster. Kuatam, Semih R. and Alexander N. Christakis, Algebraic Representation of Human Settlement Design. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 7p. Prepared for presentation at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for General Systems Research, Budapest, June 1987. This is a retrospective look at urban planning in metropolitan Detroit 20 years ago. Christakis, A. N., Interactive Management: A System for High-Level Decision-making. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, Va (1987) 8p. An outline prepared for a talk before the Executive Training Program, School of Business, George Mason University, in October 1987. Christakis, Alexander N., Problem Solving in Organizations: A Culturally Sensitive Approach. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 21p. Presented at the International Counseling Center Conference on Crossing Cultures in Mental Health, September 1987. Warfield, John N. Interpretive Structural Modeling. In M. Singh (ed.), Systems and Control Encyclopedia, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England (1987) This is a general description of ISM, its development, intellectual history, and uses. Due to space limitations, the mathematical theory is omitted, but references are provided for other works by Warfield which contain this theory. Christakis, A. N. (ed.), American Public Power Association Fuel Cell Market Workshop, October 2728, 1987, Draft. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 102p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: This is a DRAFT copy of a CIM report on a two-day Interactive Management session to explore a market penetration strategy in an attempt to commercialize new technology. Christakis, Alexander N. and Lisa K. Krause (eds.). Associated Catholic Charities Long Range Planning Retreat, August 2427, 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 47p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Interactive Management processes helped Board Members identify, clarify and structure a set of goals for Associated Catholic Charities for the future. Center for Interactive Management, NEXUS, The Newsletter of the Center for Interactive Management. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987). 18 leaves. A collection of past issues, No. 1 - No. 8, 1982 - 1987. The first newsletters were published at University of Virginia, then continued at George Mason University. Center for Interactive Management, Transferability of the Interactive Management System for Planning and Generic Design Needs in the Department of Defense - A Proposal. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987) 72p. variously paged. Submitted to Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Rosslyn, Va, this inactive project proposal was kept in IASIS file for historical interest, since it accurately describes the origins of Interactive Management and includes resumes of Warfield and the four men working as his associates at the Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences in 1987. Lee, T. H.. Presentation to the Annual Meeting of the ISGSR, Budapest, Hungary, June 1-5, 1987. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria, (1987) 20p. A speech given in Budapest by Professor Lee, who was at the time the Director of IIASA, but has since returned to the MIT staff: ~`I believe that the interactive-type system is the way to solve the man-model interface problems...' Center for Interactive Management, Annotated Bibliography of Project Reports, April 1982-March 1987. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University (1987) 52p. This bibliography outlines in chronological order the activities of the Center for Interactive Management from its first years at University of Virginia through its third year at George Mason University. 27 client-sponsored projects are described. Christakis, A. N., David B. Keever and John N. Warfield, Development of Generalized Design Theory and Methodology. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (No date, probable date February, 1987). 69p. Without Warfield's knowledge, Christakis and Keever prepared extracts from Warfield's papers which were in progress toward a planned book in which he had invited them to share authorship (and labor). Warfield was dismayed to learn after the fact that his work had been printed up in an immature and incomplete form as a pamphlet for promotional distribution at a National Science Foundation workshop. The pamphlet was inadequate and premature; also it lacked a date and copyright statement. Later, after repeated efforts to enlist the aid of his two assistants in the actual creation of a complete book, Warfield concluded that they would never buckle down and do it, so he began in earnest on his book manuscript, and wrote it in entirety by himself. It was published in 1990 under the title A Science of Generic Design. Meanwhile, Warfield has made no effort to drown this 1987 pamphlet; because of its distribution to a wide array of persons in the National Science Foundation it could not be retrieved. Dangsheng, Problem Formulation. In Yang, Tin Xu (ed.), Systems Engineering and Integrated Planning, Shandong Publishing House of Science and Technology, Jinan, China (1987) 126-151. This paper is written in the Chinese language. The author discusses a) a new kind of thinking system and its structure which consists of a group of people (not one person) and computers; b)How to apply Interpretive Structural Modeling to Problem Formulation. The title and citation as given above are an English translation of the actual Chinese characters. Defense Science Board Task Force, Report on Military Software. Office of Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Washington D.C. (September 1987) 78p. Warfield used the Defense Science Board report as a basis for his `TECHNOMYOPIA' paper. He also used this report, and some other Defense Board materials, for a student `CASES NOTEBOOK' on SOFTWARE for a class he taught in 1991 at George Mason University. Brooks, Frederick P., No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering. Computer (April 1987) A warning against too complacent a reliance on the capabilities and strengths of the computer and modern software to cure all problems. IEEE Institute, U.S. Technical Preeminence Gone ForeverSimon Ramo. The IEEE Institute (December 1987). This is an interview with Simon Ramo, director and founder of TRW, Inc. of Redondo Beach, California, by news reporter Tekla Perry, in which Ramo gives his views on the worldwide future of technological research. Li, Da Xu, Toward Escape from the Limitations of Economic Systems Analysis: Introduction of Dimensionality. Systems Research v4 n4 (1987) Building on the concept of dimensionality introduced by Warfield, the techniques of dimensional analysis are discussed, as a basis for modeling complex systems. Thurow, Lester C., A Weakness in Process Technology. Sciencev238 18 (December 18, 1987) The author calls for a complete system organizational and structural change in U.S. technology and industry. Warfield, John N., Criteria for a Science of Design. In Proceedings 19th Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling and Simulation May 5-6, 1988, Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC (1988) This paper is an effort to rescue modern technical design and engineering from the narrowness and specificity which cripple it, by presenting a framework of all human knowledge which can be easily grasped and can be used as a tool for a more efficient design of complex, as well as simple projects, that is to say - for a more efficient integration of theoretical science and applied science. The Domain of Science concept is discussed, with its `Universal Priors'. Warfield, John N., Implicit Aspects of Much Systems Thinking. Systems Research v5 n4 (1988) The author tackles the problem of errors in science due to the fact that the basic language definitions of terms used in any given science are not universally coherent; he attempts to synthesize the science of definition by use of mathematical theory, including the introduction of a new mathematical concept which he calls `Gradation of Belief.' Warfield, John N., On the Design of Language for System Design. In R. Trappl (ed.), Cybernetics and Systems '88, Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, (1988) Winning the award for Best Paper in Design Symposium at the European Meeting for Cybernetics & Systems Research, April 48, 1988, Vienna, this paper presents the idea that language is definable in terms of 7 different `key language types,' that an understanding of these types and their functions support the basic design practices which must be used to build efficient and usable systems for use by human beings. Thirteen specific criteria are listed to assist in the judging and/or constructing of a systems design. Warfield, John N., Simple System Models Based on Sophisticated Assumptions: The Key to Coherence in a Complex Universe. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (February 1988) 9p. Prepared for the Annual meeting of the American Association for Advancement of Science, Boston, Feb. 11-15, 1988 (but not presented there, due to a snowstorm), this paper deals with the use of a Generic Design Science to organize knowledge prior to its use in construction of working models. Warfield, John N., Universal Priors to Science: How the Liberal Arts Could Revitalize Science. (Presented at Annual Meeting Association of Integrative Studies, Arlington, Texas, October 20-28, 1988) Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (August 1988) 20p. Declaring that `now is the time to take a fresh look at what constitutes a science, how a science can be assessed and how bad science or non-science can be detected and prevented from becoming a force in misallocation of public and private funds', this paper introduces the concept of `Universal Priors' to the definition of science. Hanes, F. Ross, Interpretive Structural Modeling: A Methodology for Structuring Complex Issues. Trans. Institute of Measurement & Control v10 (1988). Published in an English journal. The author had studied as a Fullbright Fellow at the Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia. Later he installed and operated an Interactive Management facility at the City University of London. Broome, Benjamin J. and Alexander N. Christakis, A Culturally Sensitive Approach to Tribal Governance Issue Management. Intnl J. Intercultural Relations v12 (1988) A report on Interactive Management problem-solving session in which the participants were representatives of North American Indian tribes. Prabhu, Yamuna and P. N. Murthy, Identifying Mission and Role of Large Systems. Presented at IEEE 1988 Conference Systems, Man & Cybernetics, Beijing and Shenyang, China. Systems Engineering & Cybernetics Center, Tata Consultancy Services, Hyderabad, India (1988) 4p. This might possibly be in a proceedings, but we haven't received the citation, as yet. Bushe, Gervase R., Cultural Contradictions of Statistical Process Control in American Manufacturing Organizations. Journal of Management v14 n1 (1988) The author explores problems of verification needed for acceptance of new technology, stating that accurate observable statistics and documentation are essential. Ohuchi, A, I. Kaji and J. N. Warfield, Structural Analysis and a Complexity Metric for High-Level Software Languages. Proc. Conf. Japan Information Processing Society, Kyoto (1988) This paper is printed in the Japanese language except for footnotes, references and the figure legends. The paper was presented by the two Japanese authors at the Conference of the Japan Information Processing Society, September 12-14, 1988, Kyoto, Japan. Warfield was informed after the fact that they had included his name as a joint author, when they sent him a copy of the proceedings paper. Patkar, Vivek N., Policy Analysis by Interpretive Structural Modeling. Management in Government vXX n1 (April-June 1988) Rural development agencies in India are the focus of a discussion of the uses of Interpretive Structural Modeling as a policymaking tool. Center for Interactive Management, Designing a National Facility for Advanced Manufacturing and Concurrent Engineering Research [for] West Virginia University and General Electric Corporation, June 9-10, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 61p. A CIM REPORT: Consensus methodologies assisted participants in a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) operation, in identifying issues associated with the formation of a university-industry research partnership between West Virginia University and General Electric Corporation, and in developing means of overcoming these issues. LaBerge, Traci (ed.), Definition and Design of a General Training Course for Classification Officers/Analysts [for] The Meridien Corporation, March 23, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 49p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: This report deals with the initial design and development of a general training course for newly appointed and/or prospective classification officers within the U. S. Department of Energy, in order to perform effectively. The work was subcontracted through Meridien Corp. Hauser, John R. and Don Clausing, The House of Quality. Harvard Business Review (May-June 1988) The House of Quality is a management concept being promoted by the authors. It involves total integration of plans in minute detail, and is based on an earlier participatory management methodology imported from Japan. The authors maintain that more and better `interfunctional planning and communication' is the key. Fiore, Margaret (ed.), Analysis of the Current Situation of the Associated Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Washington. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (June 1988) 81p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: In a report published jointly with the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Interactive Management was recommended to analyze the current problematic situation of the Associated Catholic Charities, and helped participants to recognize causes of problems and need of participative long-range planning with restructuring and additional senior level managerial personnel and evaluation of program performance. Fromer, Irene and Benjamin Broome (eds.), Designing a New Student Union Program for George Mason University, August 15-17, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 75p, variously paged. A CIM REPORT: With the use of computer-assisted methodologies, participants focused on student concerns and interests to 1) define the intent of the new student union, 2) generate and clarify options contributing to the intent, and 3) develop alternative design profiles for new student union programs. Fromer, Irene and Raed Kirrish (eds.), Issue Management Forum for the Poarch Band of Creek Indians [for] Americans for Indian Opportunity (AIO), July 15-17, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 67p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Using a set of Consensus Methodologies, participants were able to generate, clarify and organize critical issues facing this North American Indian tribe, in order to foster and maintain their economic, social and cultural stability in the face of rapid economic and population growth. Fromer, Irene and Alexander Christakis (eds.), Forum on the Future of Pediatric Nursing: Looking Toward the 21st Century, May. 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 93p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: A Consensus Methodology (Interpretive Structural Modeling) used by the Center for Interactive Management, helped participants to generate and clarify a list of 125 anticipated needs for pediatric health care consumers in the 21st century, as well as to propose options which will contribute to the fulfillment of these needs. Keever, David, Traci LaBerge and Linda Bestimt, Human Service Needs: Setting Priorities [for] Fairfax-Falls Church United Way and TRW, Inc., September 17, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 41p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Consensus Methodologies assisted the participants to clarify a list of critical human needs in the Fairfax-Falls Church community. The need for `affordable' housing is ranked as the most important issue. Valderrama, Sandra and Alexander N. Christakis, Shared Governance in Selected Pennsylvania School Districts [for] School District Superintendents of Pennsylvania and University of Pennsylvania Center for School Study, August 4-5, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, Va (1988) 51p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: A workshop exploring the inhibitors to shared governance, and strategies for its realization, sponsored by two Pennsylvania educational organizations. STATUS Magazine, Interactive Management. Status (November 1988). This article is written in Greek, published in Athens. It is an interview with Dr. A. N. Christakis in which Interactive Management is described. The title which appears above in the citation is an English translation of the actual Greek characters. Christakis, A. N. and M. K. Bergman, Designing a Market Penetration Strategy for the Fuel Cell. Presented at the Annual Meeting Intnl. Society for General Systems Research, St. Louis, May 23-27, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 26p. This paper reports the results of a 2-day participative design session sponsored by the American Public Power Association to help bring fuel cells to the public power market. The session led participants to major new insights about the marketability of the fuel cell technology. Keever, David, Traci LaBerge and Linda Bestimt, Local Agency Boundary-Spanning: Collaborative Design for Improving the Base of Volunteers in Human Service Organizations. Presented at the Annual Meeting Intnl. Society of General Systems Research, St. Louis, May 23-27, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 22p. Center for Interactive Management, Developing a Design Culture in Higher Education: A Workshop [for] University of the Aegean, August 24-27, 1988, Chios, Greece. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 87p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: Report on a workshop held at the University of the Aegean, Island of Chios, Greece, 24-27 August 1988, organized by the University of the Aegean in cooperation with George Mason University.. The report contains the `Chios Declaration' adopted by the conference. This Declaration, a document which addresses the human need to master complexity, was signed by 24 persons associated with the workshop. Nineteen people, from six nations were active workshop participants. The author and editor team of this finished report are: Colleen Kearney, Rea Manidaki, Ioanna Tsivakou and John N. Warfield. Fromer, Irene and Benjamin J. Broome, Building Consensus in a Cultural Context: An Interactive Approach to Strategic Planning for Tribal Self-sufficiency. Presented at Annual Meeting Intnl. Society for General Systems Research, St. Louis, May 23-27, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 20p. Working with the Winnebago Tribal Council, South Sioux City, Nebraska. Warfield, John N., Technomyopia Threatens Our National Security. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 27p. variously paged. An invited lecture before the June 22, 1988 joint meeting of IEEE Chapters on Computers and Social Implications of Technology, Rosslyn, Virginia, this paper is a critique of the Defense Science Board Military Software Task Report, detailing the problems which the author foresees because of its implicit assumptions. The paper closes with a number of suggestions for improving the situation. Fiore, Margaret A. & Alexander N. Christakis (eds.), First Report on Smart Munitions Acquisition Management [for] Defense Systems Management College, Air-to-Surface Session, August 13, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 47p. + appendices. A CIM REPORT: This is one of a series of four reports produced in 1988 by the Center for Interactive Management, for the Defense Systems Management College. Fiore, Margaret A. and Alexander N. Christakis (eds.) Second Report on Smart Munitions Acquisition Management [for] Defense Systems Management College, Surface-surface Session, Sept. 12-14, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 65p. A CIM REPORT: This is one of a series of four reports produced by the Center for Interactive Management, for the Defense Systems Management College. Fiore, Margaret A. and Alexander N. Christakis (eds.) Fourth Report on Smart Munitions Acquisition Management [for] Defense Systems Management College, Air-to-air Session, Sept. 27-29, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 75p. A CIM REPORT: This is one of a series of four reports produced by the Center for Interactive Management for the Defense Systems Management College. See also a followup report published by Dept. of Defense, in IASIS File No. 89/001. Fiore, Margaret A. and Alexander N. Christakis (eds.), Third Report on Smart Munitions Acquisition Management [for] Defense Systems Management College, Surface-to-Air Session, Sept. 1921, 1988. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 62p. A CIM REPORT: This is one of a series of four reports produced by Center for Interactive Management for Defense Systems Management College. See also a followup report published by Dept. of Defense, in IASIS File No. 89/001. Hirschorn, Larry, Book Review of Bhopal: Anatomy of a Crisis. Technology Review (August-September 1988) The author of the book is Paul Shrivastava, a native of Bhopal, India, where dangerous MIC gas leaked from a Union Carbide chemical plant and killed 2,500 people. Paul Shrivastava proposes a framework for analyzing and managing industrial crises. Jeffrey, Richard and Ross Janes, Interpretive Structural Modelling: Software for Forward Thinkers. Department of Systems Science, City University, London (1988) 56p. A User's Guide written for use with a computer program titled `ISM-PC' which was developed by City University's System Science Department. Richard Jeffrey hooked together two PC's to get needed memory for developing a usable ISM program (in 1986, about) and the program was used successfully in many Interactive Management sessions in Britain. Fromer, Irene L. and Veronica D. Feeg, Forum on the Future of Pediatric Nursing: Looking Toward the 21st Century. Pediatric Nursing v14 n5 (1988) A description of a two-day Interactive Management session held May 16-17, 1988, gives a very clear concise review of how the Interactive Management process works to aid group consensus and planning. Brochures. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 10 leaves. In a gray folder, a collection of marketing aids used by CIM staff in soliciting clients. Includes a description of Interactive Management processes, lists of previous clients, cost of varying service offered by the Center, etc. Robb, Fenton F., Systems Profile: Chaos Out of Order. Systems Research v5 n4 (1988) The author gives a reprise of his development as a systems scientist, which includes his career in industry with Scottish Gas, and concludes with his gaining a Ph.D. and becoming a university professor after his retirement from industry. Sandole, Ingrid, Space Debris: An Options List and A ThreePage Options Field. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988) 10p. This was a student term paper, written as an individual study project under Dr. John Warfield. Washington Post, Scant Progress Seen Toward Defense Reform. The Washington Post (December 20, 1988) Page A1. A report from an independent panel of defense experts on their study of Defense spending, was jointly sponsored by Foreign Policy Institute of Johns Hopkins University and the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and was funded by the Ford Foundation. Washington Post, WeaponsBuying System Called `Mickey Mouse'. The Washington Post (Thursday, July 28 1988) A5. An exposé of inept and suspect Defense Department purchasing practices. Wojciechowski, J. A., Evolution of the Knowledge of Knowledge from the Perspective of the Ecology of Knowledge, in K. Hahlweg & C. A. Hooker, (eds.), Issues in Evolutionary Epistemology. State University of New York Press, (circa 1988) In this paper, a philosopher muses on the interactions of cultural and biological evolution of humans, maintaining that the latter is inevitably presaged by the former . In his words,`...the traditional mode of behavior is increasingly biologically unjustified...' Gordon, Bernard M., The Context of Engineering Leadership Honeywell Lecture No. l. Center for Development of Technological Leadership, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, (April 25, 1988)10p. The author, president of Analogic Corporation, speaks about the profession of engineering and its current lack of training for `wholejob responsibility'. Cyert, Richard M., Leadership in Developing an International Economy, Honeywell Lecture No.2. Center for Development of Technological Leadership, University of Minnesota,, Minneapolis (May 9, 1988) 8p. The author, president of Carnegie Mellon University, discusses some of the factors bearing on technological preeminence in the U.S., and the necessity of improving labor practices, defense policy spending, research and development, competitive attitudes on the part of the general public, and management capabilities. Thurow, Lester C., Technology Leadership and Industrial Competitiveness, Honeywell Lecture No. 3.. Center for Development of Technological Leadership, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (May 19, 1988) 16p. The author, professor at M.I.T. and author of several books on economics, attacks the current American complacency, and suggests that the root cause may be management styles, including lack of participatory management as part of the American culture. House, Charles H., Vision, Strategy and Tactics in Leading Engineers, Honeywell Lecture No. 4. Center for Development of Technological Leadership, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (May 27, 1988) 19p. The author, General Manager of Software Development Environments at Hewlett Packard Corporation, discusses the psychological implications in effective management styles, stating that the dilemma of communicating and articulating visions and viewpoint among a group of people is one of the most critical barriers to success, and the ability to overcome it is the essence of leadership...`it is incredibly tough to build a consensus'...`you must appeal to workers at many levels...' Sosa, Luis Miguel, Warfield's Dimensionality Approach. General Overview and Projections. International Economic Research and Development Center, Quito, Ecuador (circa 1988) 15p. Warfield's Dimensionality theory is applied to the cost-benefit analysis technique proposed by D. X. Li Final Report on Improving Smart Munitions Acquisition Management, February, 1989. United States Department of Defense, Office of Munitions, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. (1989) 327p. variously paged. IM REPORT: The Interactive Management System, described on pages 4 and 5 of the report, and more fully in Appendix J, is used during four workshops and one task force meeting held between August 1 and October 13, 1988. Summary and conclusions of the 1988 sessions are presented in this final Department of Defense report. Batini, Carlo, Guissepe Di Battista and Roberto Tamassia. Graphic Tools for Information Systems Design (Research Summary). Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, U di Roma, La Sapienza, Roma, Italy (circa 1989) 17p. These authors have been engaged in significant research on theoretical problems and algorithms in computer-programmed graph drawing; a summary of their work is described in this paper. Warfield, John N., Design Science: Experience in Teaching Large System Design. Proc. ASEE Annual Conference, Lincoln, Nebraska, June, 1989 American Society Engineering Education, Washington, D.C. (1989) The author directed a team teaching effort with college level classes on subject of generic design theory and methods. Keever, David B. and Ray E. Chapman (eds.), Research Initiatives in the Photonics Field [for] Defense Manufacturing Office of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) includes a workshop dated June 14, 1989. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, Va (1989) 53p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: The objective of this conference was the establishment of a research agenda for industrial development of the new field of photonics, believed to have potential future as a replacement for electronics in the broad functions of data and energy manipulation and sensing. Participants were industrial researchers in photonics. Warfield, John N. Artificial Philosophy and the Decline of Technology. Presented at the International Symposium on Communication, Meaning & Knowledge Versus Information Technology, Lisbon, September 1315, 1989. Signifição e Conhecimento face às Technologias de Informação, Proc. Simposio Internação de Communição, Lisbon, September 13-15, 1989, Secção I, Assn. Portugùesa para o Desenvolvimento das Comunicações/Soc. Portugùesa de Filosofia, Lisbon, Portugal (1989) This paper is a protest against shallow, hasty technology which produces `invasive systems' loaded with potential disaster. The author advocates a technology based on `deep logic' which utilizes tools of `Generic Design Science', a continuous reevaluation process. Warfield, John N. and Moses N. B. Ayiku, Sociotechnical Modeling for Developing Nations. SCIMA (Systems & Cybernetics. in Management) v18 n12 (1989) . Published in India. The recommended scenario is that underdeveloped nations work to identify the areas in which the more advanced nations are deficient, and then `work smarter and harder' to prove themselves superior in those areas. Betti, John A., Changing the Fundamental Acquisition Process. Presentation at Fourth Annual Quality Improvement Symposium, Dayton, OH, September 12, 1989. Defense Issues v4 n29 (1989) published by Amer. Forces Info. Service, Office Asst. Secretary of Defense, Washington, D.C. 4p. The speaker, after four weeks on the job as new Undersecretary for Defense Acquisition, discusses his ideas for enhancing the cooperation and efficiency of U.S. Department of Defense's program which is called Total Quality Management Initiative. Canes, F. Ross, Planning for an Industrial Training Board Team: An Application of Interactive Management. Presented at the International Symposium on Communication, Meaning & Knowledge Versus Information Technology, Lisbon, September 1315, 1989. Signifição e Conhecimento face às Technologias de Informação, Proc. Simposio Internação de Communição, Lisbon, September 13-15, 1989, Secção I, Assn. Portugùesa para o Desenvolvimento das Comunicações/Soc. Portugùesa de Filosofia, Lisbon, Portugal (1989). Mr. Janes of the City University of London reports on his application of Interactive Management methodologies (Nominal Group Technique and Interpretive Structural Modeling) in planning for a development team within a national industrial training board in Great Britain. Bright, James T. C., A Análise e Estruturação de Modelos (ISM) Aplicados à Selecção de Projectos de Pesquisa (ISM Applied to Research Project Selection). Presented at the International Symposium on Communication, Meaning & Knowledge Versus Information Technology, Lisbon, September 1315, 1989. Signifição e Conhecimento face às Technologias de Informação, Proc. Simposio Internação de Communição, Lisbon, September 13-15, 1989, Secção I, Assn. Portugùesa para o Desenvolvimento das Comunicações/Soc. Portugùesa de Filosofia, Lisbon, Portugal (1989)20p Prof. Wright, of University of São Paulo, describes his use of ISM as it was applied in establishing an R&D project selection process at a large electricity utility company in Brazil. The 18 page paper is written in Portuguese, with a 2-page summary written in English. Kenes, F. Ross, Management Problem Solving and Decision Making (MAPS): Interactive Management and Organizational Analysis. Department of Management & Systems, City University, London, (1989) 11p. A Syllabus, or course outline, for a course offered at City University during the 19891990 Academic year, offering practical sessions on Nominal Group Technique and Interpretive Structural Modelling, with case studies on European and Japanese automobile industries for group work and study. The course includes a system of circulating library-loan research papers. Broome, Benjamin J. and David B. Keever, Next Generation Group Facilitation: Proposed Principles. Management Communication Q. v3 n1 (August 1989) Concepts from the `Domain of Science' model and its concurrent laws of design are described in a discussion of the processes used in group problem-solving. Yapelouzos, Ioannes B., Impact of Structural Modeling on the Creation of New Perspectives in Problem-Solving Situations. Proc. Congrès Européen de Systémique, Lausanne, Switzerland, October 3-6, 1989 , CES I, Tome II (1989) After a problem has been considered carefully using other group decision methods, it is found that group participants will often view the problem in a new light after they have looked at it with the aid of a well-run Interpretive Structural Modeling session. Kenes, F. Ross and R. Jowitt, Application of Interactive Management in Planning for a University Department. In R.L. Flood et al, (eds.), Systems Prospects. Plenum, New York (1989). Written about the use of Interactive Management at the City University of London. Keever, D. B., Traci LaBerge and M. A. Fiore, (eds.), Strategic Human Resource Planning for the Naval Surface Warfare Center, October 19-20, 1988, November 15-16, 1988, and May 10,1989. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1989) 141p. variously paged. A CIM REPORT: A report on a series of 3 workshops using Interactive Management. Topics under examination: Expectations for Managers and Employees, Career Development, Psychological Climate, Utilization of Resources. Group decisions identified and clarified each concept, and moved closer to consensus regarding their relative importance. Broome, Benjamin J., Alexander N. Christakis and Ioanna Tsivakou, Designing the International Seminar for Sociotechnical Design of the Island Ecosystem [for] University of the Aegean Oct. 30-Nov. 3, 1989. Christakis & Associates, Philadelphia PA (1989) 21p. IM REPORT: This workshop was held on the island of Rhodes, in the Aegean. Participants from four nations, including Greece, met to design an annual seminar on Greek island ecosystems. Dreg, Veronica (ed.), Pediatric Nursing, Forum on the Future: Looking Toward the 21st Century, Proceedings and Report from an Invitational Conference at the Center for Interactive Management, May 1617, 1988. Anthony J. Jannetti, Inc., Pitman, NJ (1989) 68p. Pages 236 of this volume describe the Interactive Management process in use at George Mason University under the direction of A. N. Christakis, and include photographs of `Demosophia', the specially designed room in the Center for Interactive Management at the University. Fiore, Margaret A, Ladonna Harris and Jackie Wasilewski, Overcoming Barriers to the Effective Participation of Tribal Governments in the Federal System [for] Americans for Indian Opportunity. American Institute for Interactive Management, Fairfax, VA (1989) 48p. IM REPORT: Interactive Management in use, at a Congressional forum which was a followup to the June 1987 session (see IASIS 87/012). Forum was convened by Americans for Indian Opportunity (AIO), Senator Daniel Inouye, (D) Hawaii, and Senator John McCain,(r) Arizona, on Feb. 21, 1989, at R.B. Russell Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C. Broome, Benjamin J., Irene Cromer and Don Boileau, Long-Range Planning in a University Setting: A Case Study. Presented at the Annual Meeting of Speech Communication Association, San Francisco, November, 1989. Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1989) 25p. This paper describes the use of the methods of Warfield's Generic Design Science to conduct planning in a university department, with interactive management sessions begun in 1987 and continued until June 1988. Long-Range Planning Guidebook for the Communications Department. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1987, 1988 & 1989) 218p., variously paged. A CIM REPORT: These are planning sessions for the faculty of the Department of Communication, George Mason University, beginning in June 1987, produced with the assistance of the Center for Interactive Management. The original documents from these sessions were all stored in a large loose-leaf notebinder and kept on a shelf in the department office, for easy updating, and also for easy access by faculty members who might wish to review the planning work. Followup Interactive Management sessions continued within the department in subsequent years. See also IASIS File No. 89/019 for a summary description of the sessions. Warfield, John N., Proste Modele Systemowe Oparte Na Skomplikowanych Za_o_eniach: Klucz do Spójno_ci w Z_o_onym Uniwersum. Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa v3 n4 (1989) The English version (`Simple System Models Based on Sophisticated Assumptions') was prepared for the annual meeting of AAAS in February 1988. However it was not presented then because the author, traveling to the AAAS conference, was delayed due to a snowstorm closing the airport. Later the paper was given to W. Gasparski for publication in a Polish journal, and it was published in 1989, after translation into Polish. Boulding, Kenneth E., Towards a Theory of Vulnerability. Journal of Applied Systems Analysis v16 (1989) From a publication of Department of Systems, University of Lancaster, U.K. The author identifies a number of points at which a working system could become unstable, such as environmental adaptability, information availability, etc. Boulding, Kenneth E., Examples of General Systems (A List). No citation. (1989) 1p. Notation in JNW's handwriting at top says: `Oct. 30, 1989 meeting with Boulding, Brown, Reckmeyer & Warfield.' This is a onepage list of 23 numbered items, each is a type of system, for example Evolutionary Systems, Food Chains, Celestial Systems, Taxonomic Systems, etc. NOTE: During his 1989 year at George Mason University, Boulding was asked by Warfield to help in an attempt to start a Systems Science program, but they were unable to get support of George Mason University administration for the project. This list was intended for use as a handout, for presentations regarding a possible curriculum in Systems Science. Clausing, Don P., Quality Function Deployment: Applied Systems Engineering. Presented at 1989 Quality & Productivity Research Conference, University of Waterloo, June 6, 1989. Lab for Manufacturing & Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (1989) 36p. Describes the basic concepts of Quality Function Deployment (QFD), including the enhancement by the Pugh Concept Selection Process. ....Interpretive Structural Modeling has power that may be helpful, although operational development is needed...Axiomatic design of Prof. Suh may lead to improvements in QFD...Further future improvements summarized. Honeywell Lectures (Warfield), Honeywell Lectures, Notes and Correspondence by J. N. Warfield. Unpublished manuscript (September 1989). This folder contains JNW's Analysis of the series of Honeywell Lectures on Technological Leadership which had been published by Center for Development of Technological Leadership at University of Minnesota in 1988 and 1989. There is also a letter written by JNW to Mr. Fred Rossini, Viceprovost at George Mason University, outlining his opinion of the lectures. Percy, Walker., The Fateful Rift: The San Andreas Fault in the Modern Mind. 18th Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities. National Endowment for the Humanities (May 3, 1989). 29p. The author discusses the structure of thought and learning and its relation to scientific discipline and knowledge. Vendryes, Pierre, Truth in the Science of Man. Systems Research v6 n2 (1989) Ethics and morality are seen as stemming from a biological evolution of the human trait of freewill. Warfield, Rosamond, Editorial Procedures for Systems Research. Systems Research v6 n4 (1989) A description of the system used by the journal Systems Research for reviewing and accepting refereed journal articles for publication, during the seven years that John Warfield was EditorinChief. Warfield resigned as editor in 1990. Systems Research was subsequently continued under a different editor and a different publisher. Washington Post, Study: Software Bugs Costing U.S. Billions. The Washington Post (Tuesday, October 17, 1989) D1, D5. By news writer Evelyn Richards. Secondary headline: Document Is Critical of Government's Role & Study Urges A Task Force To Eradicate Software Bugs. The lack of federal standards on software design is cited as one of several problems and abuses in the software industry. The news story is a report on investigations done by the Committee on Space, Science & Technology, of the U.S. House of Representatives. Usabiaga-Campos, Oscar, Systems Science Education in ITESM. Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico Y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico (1989)48p. Beginning with a brief historical survey of the growth of systems engineering in this technical institute in Mexico, this report then goes on to outline ITESM administrative structure, and curriculum offerings in engineering, following up with a description of current and proposed courses in the department of Industrial & Systems Engineering. Miller, William F., Crafting and Coaching Intellectual Organizations, Honeywell Lecture No. 5. Center for Development of Technological Leadership, University of Minnesota (1989) 10p. The author, President and CEO of SRI International, discusses the art of management `successful leaders must find the correct balance between intuition and analysis' and be able to `foster change'. von Falkenhausen, Hasso Freiherr, Leadership in TransAtlantic Business, Honeywell Lecture No. 6. Center for Development of Technological Leadership, University of Minnesota (February 22,1989) 21p. The author, chairman of DataCard Corporation in Minneapolis, and also general manager of a European holding firm, emphasizes the integration of global marketing, investment and industry, with suggestions on how to improve relations between European and U.S. industry. visa-vis communications, education, research, financial and managerial restructuring. Branscomb, Lewis M., DualUse Technology: Optimizing Economic and Security Interests Through National Technology Policy, Honeywell Lecture No. 7. Center for Development of Technological Leadership, University of Minnesota (May 18, 1989) 15p. The author, director of Science & Technology Policy Center, Harvard University, discusses the national defense industry and how government policy may effect its improvement as well as civilian industries. Noyce, Robert N., SEMATECH and Leadership Goals in the U.S. Semiconductor Industry, Honeywell Lecture No. 8. Center for Development of Technological Leadership, University of Minnesota (June 22, 1989) 5p. The author, CEO of SEMTATECH and cofounder of Intel, says "Japan is out saving us, out investing us, and out thinking us" and stresses need for capital investment in the U.S., as well as more and better consortium efforts such as his SEMATECH. Warfield, John N., Education Research Bibliography. (circa 1989)1p. This is a list of articles on education, a short bibliography which was stored with Warfield's teaching and research papers. The papers on this list all relate in some fashion to the possibilities for improvement in education, at all age levels. The dates of these papers range from 1968 to 1989. The list includes titles by Ackoff, Peschanel, Jantsch, Argyris, Le Moigne, Northrop, Warfield and others. All or nearly all of these papers are available in the IASIS File Cabinet collection. Warfield, John N., Cybernetics, Systems Science and the Great University. Systems Research v7 n4 (1990) A proposal for a reorganization of the basic concepts underlying higher education, making use of the `golden triad' of Context, Content and Process. Warfield, John N., Interpretive Structural Modeling and Related Work: Annotated Bibliography, Revised edition. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1990) 131p. A reprint of bibliographies produced at the University of Virginia in the early 1980's, when Warfield attempted to identify works by himself and other authors in which Interpretive Structural Modeling was featured. This 1990 publication at George Mason University combines the author's three earlier bibliographies into one volume, with a new introduction, and a new index. Warfield, John N., Presuppositions. In R. Trappl, (ed.), Cybernetics and Systems '90, World Publishing Co, Singapore (1990) 213-219. A discussion of some of the unconsciously held beliefs or `presuppositions' which contribute to human decision-making, usually without the awareness of the decision-makers. Building on the work of Peirce, Gibbs, Lemoigne and Argyris, the author proposes a methodology of Generic Design Science be used to dislodge those `uncommendable' presuppositions on the part of designers & planners which have contributed in the past to disastrous planning and disastrous decisions. (This paper was written for 10th European Meeting Cybernetics & Research, Vienna, April 1990. The author was unable to attend this meeting, and at his request, the paper was presented by a colleague, Dr. W. J. Gasparski, of Warsaw.) Warfield, John N., A Science of Generic Design: Managing Complexity Through Systems Design, Vols. I and II. (To appear in 1-volume edition, Iowa State University Press, 1994) Intersystems Publications, Salinas, CA (1990) 2 v Representing Warfield's work and research over the previous two decades, this book is a study of the basic structure of human knowledge and how it can best be utilized to solve large-scale problems by the use of newly developed methodologies. This book is available from Fenwick Library at George Mason University using Call No. Q175 .W278, and from Library of Congress using Call No. TA168. W337. Warfield, John N., Underconceptualization. In R. Glanville and G. de Zeeuw (eds.), Mutual Uses of Cybernetics and Science, Special edition of Systemica: Journal of Systeemgroep Nederland, Part II of v8 n16 (1991) pp. 415433. Thesis Publishers, Amsterdam. This paper addresses a need for change in how people work with complexity. The needed change is described as `framebreaking and remodeling'. The term `underconceptualization' is used to capture the essence of what is wrong in design, development and operation of large-scale systems. (First published in Proc. Conf. Mutual Uses of Cybernetics. & Science, Amsterdam, March 2731, 1989). Warfield, John N., Widely-Ignored Subtleties That are Critical to Decision-Making. In A. Goicoechea, et al, Multiple-Criteria Decision Making: Proceedings of the IX-th Multicriteria Decision-Making Conference, Fairfax, Virginia, August 5-8, 1990, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1990) A discussion of how the newly developed generic design science can be useful in dealing with what the author describes as `incoherent situations'. Warfield, John N., Generic Systems Design and Interactive Management: Annotated Bibliography. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1990) 150p. variously pgd. Lists works of J. N. Warfield and of his colleagues at the Institute. Papers and books are grouped by subject, with some titles listed under more than one subject heading, in 8 sections titled 1)Planning, 2)Systems Science & Conceptual Science, 3)Structural Modeling 4)High-Productivity Group Processes, 5)Display Representations, 6)Design Theory and Methodology, 7)Design Applications, 8)Social Roles in the Systems Age. Includes list of client-sponsored reports produced at the Institute's Center for Interactive Management. This book is available at Fenwick Library, George Mason University, and also at the Library of Congress, LC Call Number Z7671 .W37 1990. Warfield, John N., Generic Planning: Research Results and Applications. In W. Schut & C. Lohuizen (eds.), Managing Knowledge for Design, Planning & Decision Making, Delft University Press, Delft, Netherlands (1990) 109-128, and in Knowledge in Society v3 n4, Winter (1990-1991) 91-113. In addition to a thorough review of the basic precepts of his `generic design science', the author gives short descriptions of how his generic design concepts are now being utilized in real life applications. This paper was prepared for the Van Eesteren-Fluck, Van Lohuizen Stichting Foundation Essay Competition on New Models for Design Planning and Policy-Making, Amsterdam, and published in 1990 in the Proceedings of that competition, edited by Schut & Lohuizen. Later, in 1991, the article was published in the journal Knowledge and Society. Gasparski, Wojciech, From the Boston Manifesto to the Chios Declaration: A New Challenge for the `Designing and Systems' Studies. Presented at 10th European Meeting on Cybernetics & Systems Research, Vienna, Austria, April, 1990. Department of Praxiology & Science of Science, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (April 1990) 8p. The author gives specific criteria which could be used to evaluate a `design culture' capable of gaining scholarly and disciplinary acceptance worldwide. Hingus, Kathryn K. and Benjamin J. Broome, Understanding the Facilitator Role: Designing a Training Program for Facilitating Group Communication. Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1990) 39p. A report on Dr. Broome's spring semester 1990 course COMM 532 "Approaches to Facilitating Group Communication". The Interactive Management approach was applied in laboratory sessions held in the `Demosophia' (Situation Room) at George Mason University. Warfield, John N., Projektowanie Ogólne Dla In_ynierów: Kursowy Wyk_ad Uniwerstecki. Projektowanie i Systemy vXI (1990) Published in Warsaw, this article is written in Polish. The English version of the article titled `A Course in Generic Design for Engineers' is in IASIS File No. 87/002. Warfield, John N., Managing Complexity: Interactive Management Based in Generic Design. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1990) 5p. Prepared as a précis for the EFL essay competition, this short chronology is a summary of the development of Interpretive Structural Modeling, and of the theoretical background supporting its efficient utilization, from 19681990. Written in March, 1990, it was used as the basis for the long essay titled `Generic Planning: Research results and Applications'. Satkar, Vivek N., Urban Management and Technological Innovations. Urban India l0:1 (1990) Discusses some of the recent approaches to understanding the changing and restructuring of urban technology and society. Hectrobras, Seminario Sobre a Politica Industrial e Tecnologica do Setor Eletrico Diretoria de Coordenação. Eletrobras, São Paulo, Brazil, Feb (1990) 70p. Written in Portugese, this is a report donated by Prof. James T.C. Wright, of the University of São Paulo, concerning an interactive management seminar using ISM, which was conducted for a major electric utility in Brazil. CATI (Coordenadoria de Assistencia Technica Integral), Programação CATI: 9091. Centro de Communicação Rural (CECOR) SAA/CATI, São Paulo (1990) 114 p. Donated to IASIS by J.T.C. Wright, this report is written in the Portugese language, deals with regional/industrial planning. The report was sponsored jointly by Governo de São Paulo, Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento and Coordenador/Assistencia Technica Integral. Copraba, Cenarios Para A Pesquisa Agropecuaria: Aspectos Teoricos e Aplicação na Embrapa (Embrapa Documentos No. 2). EMBRAPA-SEA, Secretaria de Administração Estrategia, Brasilia, D.F., (1990) 153p. James T.C. Wright, who donated this report to IASIS, is listed as a consultant in the report prepared by a Brazilian governmental agency. The report is written in the Portuguese language. Santos D.O., Futuro do Porto (Uma Proposta dos Trabalhadores Para O). D. O. Urgente, Encarte da edição n. 416, Sabado, 22 de Dec. (1990) 4p. This newsletter was donated by James T.C. Wright of University of São Paulo. Written in Portugese, it describes the planning for future operations of the Brazilian port of Santos. The ISM methodology was employed by the planning group. Institute for Defense Analysis, Report on the Department of Defense Fuze Industry Workshop, IDA Paper P2386, March 7-9, l990, Alexandria, Va. Institute for Defense Analyses, 1801 N. Beauregard St., Alexandria, Virginia, (April, 1990). IM REPORT: Workshop objectives were to identify critical factors that inhibit DoD ability to effectively acquire SAF devices; to organize those factors into a structural representation that depicts how the factors influence each other; to develop initiatives; to superimpose the initiatives on the structural representation of the inhibiting factors to show their relative saliency and effectiveness. This report was done for the Defense Systems Management College, on contract. Defense Systems Management College, Technical Managers Advanced Workshop 903S , March 14-15, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Fort Belvoir, Virginia (1990) 37p. IM REPORT: Defense Acquisition Improvement Team requested DSMC to hold a workshop to consider problems of acquisition program stability. Initially, the group developed 71 statements describing problems which affect program stability. These were aligned into 11 problem clusters. Problems discussed tended to center on impediments to responding to change; and suggested solutions tended to describe positive actions which would permit program managers to make more rapid responses to it. An alternate title to this workshop was TMAW 903S: PROGRAM STABILITY WORKSHOP. Defense Systems Management College, Industrial Base Workshop, July 17-19, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, (August, 1990) 82p. IM REPORT: The purpose of the study was to demonstrate whether or not there is an unacceptable exodus of firms from the defense sector, or a marked reluctance on the part of new corporations to undertake defense business as a result of administrative burdens imposed by the Department of Defense regulations. Defense Systems Management College, Risk Reduction/Management Workshop, November 6-7, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va. (1990) 44p. IM REPORT: Workshop to help Acquisition Leadership Conference 1991 participants in their effort to define implementable solutions to problems of risk reduction management, requirements/resource allocation/acquisition process alignment, program oversight, and industrial base; topics chosen by Undersecretary John A. Betti of U.S. Department of Defense. Defense Systems Management College, Concurrent Engineering Workshop. TMAW 911, November 14-15, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va. (1990) 68p. IM REPORT: Over 100 personnel from both industry and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) discussed Concurrent Engineering, obstacles to implementation, and actions needed to initiate its implementation. This report provides the findings of the 10 working groups convened to address the issues of organizing within DoD/ modifying business practices/ changing expectations/ funding/ budgeting for CE/ education/ integration of cost, schedule, performance and risk. Defense Systems Management College, Requirements/Resource Allocation/Acquisition Process Alignment Workshop, November 27-28, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va. (1990) 39p. IM REPORT: Acquisition executives use the problem definitions developed by Interactive Management workshops as a departure point in their efforts to develop implementable problem solutions. Defense Systems Management College, Program Oversight Workshop, November 29-30, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va. (1990) 29p. IM REPORT: Department of Defense personnel work on a specific question: What problems exist in our efforts to move toward continual improvement in program oversight activities? Defense Systems Management College, Industrial Base Workshop, December 11-12, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va. (1990) 31p. IM REPORT: DoD and Service personnel discuss 18 problems identified as most important in attempting to sustain and strengthen the Defense Industrial Base in a time of economic downturn. Defense Systems Management College. Concurrent Engineering Workshop, December 17-21, 1990. Sponsored by Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition). Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va. (January, 1991) 51 p. IM REPORT: Each of the November workshop work groups were represented as well as DoD agencies which would be responsible for implementing any changes within the Acquisition system. The workshop task was to create a consolidated action plan which would help implement concurrent engineering within the Department of Defense. The work was to be done in five parts. Broome, Benjamin J., A. N. Christakis, LaDonna Harris and Jackie Wasilewski, Designing the Future of the Comanche Tribe, at Cameron College, Lawton Oklahoma, February 21-24, 1990. Americans for Indian Opportunity, Washington, D.C. (1990) 23p. IM REPORT: To deal with difficulties faced by the Comanche Tribal government, the Tribal Business Committee and its Chairman ..engaged planning sessions to help design the Comanche future...Fifteen active participants and ten supportive participants met for 2 and one half days, to identify critical issues, organize an 'issues map', identify options for resolving the critical issues, superimpose the options on the critical issues map, and assign roles to key actors for carrying out the options. Broome, Benjamin J., Designing the Role of the Facilitator in Managing Group Problemsolving. Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1990) 39p. A summary of products from Design Sessions in COMM 531. Dept. of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1990).39 p MS. These are four reports from Prof. Broome's COMM 531 class, all titled Approaches to Facilitating Group Communication. We have class reports for Spring semester 1990, 1991, and 1992, and also for Fall Semester 1992. Each report includes printouts of Problematiques, Fields, Options Profiles, etc. Broome, Benjamin J. , Kathryn K. Mangus, Terry Comito & Patrick Story. Designing the Page Program of the Future. Page Executive Committee in cooperation with Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences and Dept. of Communication, GMU. (1990) IM REPORT: The 1990 faculty seminar on design of the PAGE program of the future was conducted using a system for planning and design developed to help groups with diverse backgrounds and experiences in the definition and resolution of complex problems....' Broome, Benjamin J., Guidelines for Applying Computer Assisted Methodologies for Managing Complex Problems in Group Work. Presented at annual convention of Speech Communication Assn., Chicago, November 2, 1990. Dept. of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1990) 13p Arguing that many currently utilized computerassisted methodologies are inadequate for group decision making, the author outlines some guidelines for using computer assistance, based on Warfield's Generic Design Science concepts. Broome, Benjamin J., and Ladonna Harris, Designing the Economic Future of the Menominee Peoples [an Interactive Management Workshop] held at Keshena, Wisconsin, December 1,2,& 3, 1990. Americans for Indian Opportunity, Washington, D.C., (March 9, 1991) 32p. IM REPORT: A report on planning sessions to help design the economic future of the Tribe. Representatives of various political and community groups met together for two and onehalf days at the Menominee Tribal Housing Office Complex, in Menominee, Wisconsin. Gasparski, Wojciech, Problems Generator for Design Learning. Presented at 90th Fuschel Conversation, April 2227, 1990, Fuschel, Austria. Department of Praxiology and Science of Sciences, Institute of Philosophy & Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (1990) 6p. The author describes his model of problem simulation, a model which is systemic in its methodological style, built of two subsystems. Further he lists in a table a series of suggested studies `Topics for complex research on design.' Gowan, Thomas A., The Paradoxes of Science as a System: Fragments from the Philosophy of Science. Systems Research v7 n2 (1990) Autographed by the author to John Warfield, this file copy is the manuscript sent to the editor of Systems Research prior to publication. Cherolf, David A. and Karen J. Richter. Concurrent Engineering Teams, Vol I: Main Text. Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA November (1990) 50p., variously paged. Cherolf, David A. and Karen J. Richter. Concurrent Engineering Teams, Vol. II, Annotated Bibliography. Institute for Defense Analysis, Alexandria, VA (November 1990) 107p., variously paged. The volume is arranged in four sections, titled: Total Quality Management, Concurrent Engineering, Quality Function Deployment, and Group Problem Solving. This report was prepared as a contract job for Undersecretary of Defense Acquisition Management, U.S. Department of Defense, The Pentagon. Drucker, Peter F., The Emerging Theory of Manufacturing. Harvard Business Review (MayJune 1990) 94102. Conceptual essence of the article: Statistical Quality Control of Deming; New Manufacturing Accounting; Modular Organization of Manufacturing Process; System Design................. Gasparski, Wojciech, Wojciech Gasparski on Design Philosophy and Methodology. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1990) 23p. Gasparski was the artist for this series of drawings used to illustrate an informal lecture and discussion presented for IASIS (The Institute for Advanced Study in Sciences) at George Mason University, Fairfax, VA November 27, 1990. Krosal, Amitava, Systems Activity in India. Systems Researchv7 n4 (1990) A review of activities in system sciences in India and their applications in various problems of real life has been given in this paper. Naruyama, Magoroh, International MetaMarketing: Strategic Judo, Foreign User Habits and Interactive Invention. Human Systems Management v9 (1990) Maruyama the colorful writer, applies his talent to discussion of new consumer-oriented marketing techniques now being developed worldwide. Washington Post, Can U.S. Get Things Right Anymore? American Technology is Questioned. The Washington Post (Tuesday, July 3 1990) C1, C10. The United States engineering community needs to pull its socks up. By John Burgess. Secondary Headline: Hubble Telescope, Space Shuttle Problems Raise Questions About American Technology. Washington Post, Making Meetings More Meaningful. The Washington Post (Sunday, July 1, 1990) H3. A management consultant asks for shorter more efficient meetings, as a cure for unproductivity. By Spencer Hsu, interviewing a management consultant who says we should cut our meetings time in half, and become more productive.. Washington Post, ThoughtProvoking Software: It's an Idea That's Long Overdue. The Washington Post (Friday, July 27, 1990) F3. Michael Schrage, the Post's software columnist, examines a new software package designed to get people to brainstorm ideas. Krishiani, Jermen M., Management of Transition and Management in Transition: A Challenge. USSR Institute for Systems Studies , Moscow. (1990) 15p. This paper was given to Warfield by Dr. Eric Nappelbaum, during his visit to the U. S. in 1990. Gvishiani was Nappelbaum's boss, at the Institute for Systems Studies in Moscow, where a great deal of study was in process regarding the methodology needed for a transition from the socialism of the Soviet Union to a capitalistic economy. Nahihara, Shintaro, Warning From Japan: Trust Yourselves, Not Your Leaders. The Washington Post, (Sunday October 7, 1990) D6. The author, a member of the Japanese Diet wrote the book THE JAPAN THAT CAN'T SAY NO , published 1991 by Simon & Schuster. Klein, Julie Thompson, Applying Interdisciplinary Models to Design, Planning and Policy Making. In W. Schut & C. Lohuizen (eds.), Managing Knowledge for Design , Planning & Decision Making, Delft U. Press (1990). The author presents a `global interdisciplinary model...' Warfield, John N., Complexity and Cognitive Equilibrium: Experimental Results and Their Applications. Human Systems Management v10 n3 (1991)195-202. New insights into necessary conditions for groups to arrive at cognitive equilibrium in relation to complex issues. This paper was presented at the 1991 Annual Meeting of the American Assn. for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in the Alexandria room of the Washington Sheraton Hotel, 2:30 p.m. Feb. 19, 1991. Warfield, John N. Economics and Systems Science. SCIMA (Systems & Cybernetics in Management) v19 n3 (1990). A discussion of some systems science techniques which can be of use in the field of economics. This paper was first presented at the Eighth International Congress of Cybernetics and Systems, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Friday, June 15, 1990, in the session Management CyberneticsPart I, organized and chaired by Dr. A. Ghosal. Manuscript copy of 13 pages was sent to India on 27 Feb. 1991, for publication in SCIMA Zeleny, M. and Eric Nappelbaum. Cognitive Equilibrium: On Pattern Stabilization and Knowledge Organization in Decisionproducing Networks. No citation. (circa 1991) 7p Center for Interactive Management, Interpretive Structural Modeling Program Files from GMU VAX Mainframe. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1991). Three packfiles' on this disk hold data from the archive tapes of the VAX mainframe computer at George Mason University. Includes ISM programs used by the Center for Interactive Management. The mainframe programming was done by the staff of CIM during the period 19841989, under direction of David Keever and Alexander N. Christakis. Zepelouzos, John B. Generic Design. Administrative Encyclopedia (Published in Greece, 1991). This paper is in the Greek language. Cardenas-Esparza, Alda Roxana, Analisis Comparativo de Dos Sistemas de Apoyo a la Toma de Decisiones en Grupo: Sistema Plexys Y Administracion Interactiva, Maestria en Ciencias Tesis, Julio de 1991. ITESM (Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey), Monterrey, Mexico (1991) 100p. A comparison of two systems of group decision making, one developed at the University of Arizona and the other begun at Battelle Memorial Institute with continued development at the Center for Interactive Management. Written as a master's thesis at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, this paper is in the Spanish language. Also in the file is an English translation of the manuscript, titled `Comparative Analysis of Two Systems of Support for Group Decision Making: PLEXYS and Interactive Management.' Wright, James T. C., Creating Ecodevelopment Strategies Through Systems Methodologies. Presented at University of the Aegean Seminar: Systems for Island Ecosystems, Sustainable Development Through Systems Thinking and Design, Island of Samos, Greece, October 1991. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (1991). The paper deals with a development plan for the Amazon Basin in Brazil, using ISM techniques and new software written at the University of São Paulo to utilize ISM. Christakis & Associates, Making Healthy the Zante Cooperatives of the Zante Region of Greece (translation from Greek title), An Interactive Management Session conducted in Athens, January 26-27, 1991. Christakis & Associates, Ltd., Philadelphia (1991)9p. 9 pages Materials donated to IASIS by Prof. Ben Broome of GMU Communication Department following the Interactive Management session held in Athens, Jan. 26-27, 1991. The papers include a structure, a list of roles, a Sigma-5 chart, Objectives, Super-position Structure of Problems and Options, Tables, an article interviewing Dr. A. N. Christakis, and also a list of the names of the four participating Greek companies at the session. All of the material is in the Greek language. Defense Systems Management College. Contractor Integrated Technical Information Service (CITIS) Workshop Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, January 22-25, 1991.(TMAW 913S) Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va. (1991) 75p. IM REPORT: CITIS Workshop (TMAW 913S) was held to discuss potential problems which might arise if the draft version of the CITIS specification, a part of ComputerAided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS), was mandated for use. The CITIS provides for electronic access to contractor data bases created while performing work on Department of Defense (DoD) programs. Defense Systems Management College, Report on the DoD Workshops on Concurrent Engineering, Nov. 14-15, 1990, Dec. 17-21, 1990, Jan. 28-29, 1991. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va., (January, 1991) 96 p., Appendices AF. IM REPORT: Summary report of three workshops on problems connected with implementation of Concurrent Engineering within the Department of Defense (DoD) environment. Appendix E contains an 11page analysis of the Workshops, with itemized lists of the options which the workshop produced, with categories and priorities which the workshop generated for these options. Defense Systems Management College. NADIBO/Critical Technologies Rationalization Workshop, Ft. Belvoir, Va., February 27March 1, 1991. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va. (March, 1991) 38 p. IM REPORT: North American Defense Industrial Base Organization explores a proposal for `Rationalization of the U.S. and Canadian Industrial Base within the NADIBO Context.' Workshop purpose was to define an integrated critical technology program which: (exploits) a mission driven technology of mutual interest with a joint capability ideally of a complementary nature. Defense Systems Management College. Technical Managers Advanced Workshop 912 (TMAW 912) June 1721 and July 2324, 1991. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va. (July, 1991) 67P., variously paged. IM REPORT: Dated July,1991,this report covers TWO workshops, which were held a month apart, in which the task was to develop a database of the 'previously derived problems in workshops from 1988 to January 1991, and to derive a more complete understanding of the whole system of Defense Acquisition'. The printed report has no subtitle. However in draft writeups, the report was known by two subtitles: a) REDESIGNING THE DEFENSE ACQUISITION SYSTEM I, and b)INTEGRATING THE ACQUISITION SYSTEM DATA BASE. Broome, Benjamin J., Promoting Greater Community Participation in Comanche Tribal Governance: Planning Sessions held March 26-28 & May 13-15, 1991. Americans for Indian Opportunity, Washington, D.C. and Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK (1991) 23p. + 14 page addenda. IM REPORT: Meeting again at Cameron College, in Lawton, Oklahoma, these meetings were a direct followup to the meetings held at the same location a year earlier, in February, 1990, to deal with problems faced by the Comanche tribal government. The TIMS approach used in these planning sessions is based on an approach to problem solving termed `Interactive Management'. Broome, Benjamin J., Designing the Future of the Comanche: Report of Planning and Design Sessions held in Lawton, Oklahoma, July 12-13 & September 27-28. 1991. Americans for Indian Opportunity, Washington, D.C., and Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK (1991) 17p. + 24 page addenda. IM REPORT: In two 2day sessions, design work was conducted using an approach to Tribal problem solving being developed by AIO and OIO termed the 'Tribal Issues Management System'(TIMS). Broome, Benjamin J., Designing the Facilitator Role For the Tribal Issues Management System (TIMS), July 28August 1, 1991. Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK (1991) 0p. + figure pages. IM REPORT: A report on Training Sessions, held for Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, using the Interactive Management system for problem solving and design. The focus of this project is the development of a procedure for working with Tribal Councils and Tribal community groups, referred to as the 'Tribal Issues Management System'(TIMS). Broome, Benjamin J., Designing the Future of the Cheyenne & Arapaho: Report of Planning and Design Sessions held at Concho, OK, November 13-15, 1991 & April 3-4, 1992. Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK (1992) 20p.+ 17p. addenda of figures, lists and tables. IM REPORT: In a threeday workshop and a twoday followup, design work was conducted using an approach to tribal problem solving being developed by OIO (Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity) termed the 'Tribal Issues Management System'. Warfield, John N. Preparing an Interactive Management Workshop Plan. IASIS, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (November 7 1991) 4p. A document written as a handout at a training session for faculty and staff at Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, this 4page checklist was distributed in 1991. Later, portions of the checklist were translated into Spanish, under the title "ADMINISTRACION INTERACTIVA". The Spanish adaptation was used for IM Workshop planning at ITESM in Monterrey, Mexico. Christakis, Alexander N., Christopher C. Biddle and Robert J. Whitehouse, Determining the Impact of Cognitive Overload: Human Performance Evaluation System for Nuclear Power Plants. Presented at Session on Cognitive Equilibruim, AAAS, Washington, D.C., February 19, 1991, Christakis & Associates, Ltd. Conshohocken, PA (1991) 22p., variously paged. A report on application of Generic Design concepts to management problems in the Nuclear Power industry. Adelman, Uri, Experimental Testing of Constructivism and Related Theories. Behavioral Science v36 (1991) The author discusses Kantian theories of constructivism as related to left-brain/right-brain studies. Fine, Thelma Z., Modernity and the Spirit of Naturalism: The Fifth Annual Patrick Romanell Lecture on Philosophic Naturalism. Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Assn. v65 n3 (November 1991) This paper is a nice publisher's reprint received from the author April 17, 1992. Thelma endorses the concept of naturalistic pragmatism and believes it epitomizes the American viewpoint of life. Livingston, William L., Total Quality Management Conference: Report on TQM Conference held May 22, 1991. W. L. Livingston, Ebasco Services, World Trade Center, NY. (1991) 14p. TQM Culture Track, Using the Success Frame for TQM (session), Leveraging the Operational Realities of TQM (workshop), put on by Quality Assurance Institute. Intyre, D. B., Language as an Intellectual Tool: From Hieroglyphics to APL. IBM Systems Journal v30 n4 (1991) The APL computer programming language is described. Koppelbaum, Eric, Systems Logic for Problem Formulation and Choice. USSR Institute for Systems Studies, Moscow (1991). The author explores the implications of Situation definition, Conceptualization, Problem definition, Problem solving, Implementation, and Project definition and their inter-related logic structures. Haley, Scott M., Design Science as a Foundation for CAD. Presented at XIV Symposium Internacional de Ingenieria Industrial y de Sistemas, Sept. 1114, 1991, Monterrey, Mexico. Ford Research Laboratory, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan (1991)11p. The author emphasizes the need for understanding the design process and its theory as a prior condition of good design and production. Given at ITESM in Monterrey, this paper has an English and also a Spanishlanguage abstract page. Washington Post, The Salinas Revolution: Attacking Mexican Attitudes. The Washington Post (Friday, May 17 1991) A1, A22. First of two articles on Mexican government, this one deals in depth with the career of Mexican president Carlos Salinas, and his attempts at reform. Washington Post, Will Ruling Party Ride Salinas's Reform Bus?: Mexican Leader Vows Clean Elections. The Washington Post (Saturday May 18, 1991) A14,A20. An overview of some of the figures in the Mexican political system, against a background of the reform movement which seeks to eliminate corruption in the Mexican government. Washington Technology, ATP Awards. Washington Technology (March 7 1991)p.3. Information about the millions of dollars in funds from the U.S. Department of Commerce which will be spent for research and development projects in eleven U.S. companies, in an Advanced Technology Program. Washington Technology, IASIS/Warfield feature story Washington Technology v6 n7, (June 27, 1991) p25. By newswriter Lucy Reilly, this article describes work of Warfield's Institute, with regard to work on Defense Acquisition workshops, other projects. The newspaper clipping contains a photograph of Warfield. Broome, Benjamin J., Designing the Future of the Apache: Report of Planning and Design Sessions held in Anadarko, Oklahoma, January 21-23 and April 12, 1992. Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, Oklahoma (1992)17p. plus a 15p. addenda of figures, lists and tables. IM REPORT: Design work was conducted using an approach to Tribal problem solving being developed by OIO termed the 'Tribal Issues Management System' (TIMS). Broome, Benjamin J., Designing the Future of the Pawnee; Report of Planning and Design Sessions held at Pawnee, Oklahoma July 15-17 & August 4-6, 1992. Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK (1992) 24p. + 18 page addenda of figures, lists and tables. IM REPORT: Design work was conducted using an approach to Tribal problem solving being developed by OIO termed the 'Tribal Issues Management System' or (TIMS). Broome, Benjamin J., Introduction/Overview of the Interactive Management System. Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA , (February 15 1992). 4p. Brief sketches of Interactive Management and how it works, which Ben uses as handouts when starting or planning or selling an Interactive Management workshop session. The Overview was translated into Spanish by ITESM staff at Monterrey, Mexico, and then used in workshops in Mexico. Center for Interactive Management. Guidelines and Principles for Monitoring Group Maintenance Functions, 1988,1992. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, V A, Updated version October 1, (1992). 12p. This is an itemized table for use in reviewing videotaped Interactive Management sessions, with specific suggestions on how facilitators should handle problem situations. It was developed in 1988, as part of a training project directed by Professors Benjamin J. Broome, David B. Keever and Alexander N. Christakis of the former Center for Interactive Management at George Mason University. Modifications and updates have been made by Professor Broome for use in the graduate course Communication 531 which he teaches at George Mason University. Center for Interactive Management. Monitoring Awareness Chart: Task Functions. Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1988, 1992)14p. This manuscript is a table or chart itemizing suggested techniques which can be used by a facilitator to conduct a smoothly run Interactive Management session. The material originated as part of a training project in 1988 directed by Professors Benjamin J. Broome, David B. Keever and Alexander N. Christakis of the former Center for Interactive Management at George Mason University. This version of the table, dated October 1, 1992, was prepared by Professor Broome for use in the graduate course Communication 531, which he teaches at George Mason University. Broome, Benjamin J., Panorama General Del Proceso de la Administracion Interactiva. Tradduccion de A. Roxana Cárdenas y Carmen A. Moreno. Centro para la Planeacion y el Diseno Interactivos, ITESM, Monterrey, Mexico, (Febrero 15 de 1992). 3p. This is a Spanish language version of the paper by Broome (See IASIS File No. 92/003.) It describes the process of Interactive Management and how a Workshop session is conducted. The translators have added additional materials to the original document by Broome, in order to further explain and outline the IM system for their clients in Mexico. Warfield, John N., Dwie Podstawy Projektowania (DualBasis Design).Prakseologia v12 n114115 (1992) 4358. (Published by Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii, Warszawa) This article is in the Polish Language. It is a translation of the paper titled `DualBasis Design', which is in IASIS File No. 87/004.`Dualbasis design is a response to those shortcomings in the science and practice of largescale system design which are represented by frequent catastrophic failures in such systems'...The author proposes establishment of a basic design science, with standards and practices for largescale system designs , with the view that over time such standards and practices could become welldefined and legally enforceable. Waller, Raymond C., In Order to Save the World for Human Habitation, We must Stop Teaching Economics! School of Education Review v4 (1992) . To be reprinted with critiques and rebuttal in Theory and Research in Social Education, XXI, March 1993. This author maintains that potentially catastrophic environmental consequences can stem from the `neoclassical paradigm' model of economics now being taught in college and university economics classes. Borch, Robert W., Valental Aspects of Peircean Algebraic Logic. Computers Math Applic. v23 n69 (1992) A discourse on Peirceian logic, with a graphical and algebraic syntax. Kasparski, Wojciech W., Design, Science, and Philosophy: The Praxiological Perspective. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, (1992) 18p. A discussion of design first as a science, and also as a philosophy, leading to studies of methodology, and also of theory. Heberts, Don D., Existential Graphs. Computers Math Applic.v2 n69 (1992) A description of logic diagrams from the work of C.S. Peirce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Ocean Program, NOAA Coast Watch Ocean Color Program Planning Workshop. National Marine Fisheries, La Jolla, CA May (1992) 63p. IM WORKSHOP. A report discussing the events of the Coast Watch Ocean Color Program Planning Workshop. The goal of the workshop was to develop an action plan for the next 2 years. There are 3 sessions discussed: the strategic planning session, management planning session and the operational planning session. Satkar, Vivek M., Systems Interdependence as a Determinant of Sustainable Urban Development. Nagarlok Vol. XXIV No. 4 (OctoberDecember 1992) 3950. Printed in India. A model for urban systems development is presented. Centro para la Planeacion y el Diseño Interactiva, ITESM. Administracion Interactiva. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores, Monterrey, Mexico, (January 1993) A twopage checklist for use in planning a workshop. Adapted from John Warfield document which is also in IASIS FILE, see IASIS File No. 91/017. Translation was probably done by Roxana or Carmen or both, but we aren't sure at this time. Warfield, John N. and Alda Roxana Cárdenas, A Handbook of Interactive Management. (To appear, Iowa State University Press, 1994) Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1993) 338p., spiralbound edition. A User's Guide, for clients as well as practitioners of Interactive Management, this book itemizes essential methods and equipment needed to apply Interactive Management, which would meet the standards envisioned by Warfield when he invented it. The handbook includes a discussion of software, as well as consensus methodologies. The volume includes three indexes and also a list of qualified Interactive Management practitioners in the U.S. and other countries. Cardenas, A. Roxana and Moreno, Carmen A. From Hierarchical Structures to Participative Problemsolving: The Interactive Management Design Methodology in Mexico. Department of Systems Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico. (1993)16p. Some considerations regarding the use of participative methodologies in the organizational culture settings of modern Mexico. Interactive Management Reports , A List. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (1993). 10p. This is a list of 89 client-sponsored reports on projects in which Interactive Management processes were used, beginning with the first one held in a dedicated Center, in 1982, at the University of Virginia. It does not include Interactive Management projects done in other countries, or projects carried out before the Center at the University of Virginia started, (i.e., between 1974 and 1982). Wall Street Journal, Baldrige Awards May Be Losing Some Luster. The New York Times (Monday, April 19 1993). By news writer Gilbert Fuchsberg, this article is reprinted from the Wall Street Journal. A description of how administrative red tape has defeated the original purpose of the awards, which were intended to promote high quality management in organizations.. Glaser, Steven D. and Clifford S. Saunders. Enhanced Reuse with Group Decision Support Systems. BellNorthern Research Ltd., Ottawa, Canada (1993) 8p. The internal effectiveness of an organization is examined in relation to the values of generic design science methods. Jemson, Barry, VSM Toolbox: Software for the Viable System Model. Systems Practice (to appear circa 1993). The author discusses a software with a graphics interface, for largesystem data storage, management and retrieval. Warfield, John N., Abstracts of The IASIS File: A Bibliography of Books and Papers Relevant to Complexity, Organization and Design, compiled by John N. Warfield, edited by Rosamond Warfield. Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (1994) Prepared exclusively for research and study purposes, to be kept stored with the other academic papers in the IASIS File cabinet, this manuscript contains the full abstracts of most of the titles in the File. A published version of this bibliography, with the abstracts deleted, has also been prepared, and can be found in these libraries: Iowa State University, Ames, IA; University of Texas at Austin; Defense Systems Management College, Fort Belvoir, VA; ITESM (Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey), Monterrey, Mexico; and the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Futures Workshop for the North Piedmont Area for Virginia Division of Forestry, March 29 (1982). Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. 51 pages Creating the State Forestry Future for Virginia Division of Forestry, April (1982). Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. (A 2-page summary report) Summary of Technology Transfer Workshop for Region 8 of USDA Forest Service, November 30-December 1 (1982). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, GA.(A 1-page description of report) Appendices to: Strategic Planning for the National Computer Graphics Association, April 20 (1983) Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. 25 pages Planning for the Future of Engineering Education for School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Spring Semester (1983). Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. 70 pages. Workshop on Long-Range Planning for the North Pacific Albacore Fishery for National Marine Fisheries Service, June 1-2 (1983). Southwest Fisheries Center, La Jolla, CA. 73 pages. Non-Industrial Private Forest Lands Forum - Issues, Options and Responsibilities for U. S. Forest Service, October 31-November 3 (1983). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 84 pages. Strategic Planning for National Computer Graphics Association. Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1983). 51 pages. Long Range Planning Process of the National Computer Graphics Association. Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1983). 28 pages plus appendices. Workshops on Search and Track SBU Concepts and Local Area Defense Systems Concepts for Naval Surface Weapons Center, June (1983). Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Pathways for Forestry in Mississippi for Mississippi Forestry Commission, April 5-6 (1983). (contains a one-page description of report) Pathways for Forestry in North Carolina for North Carolina Forest Service, circa (1983). (contains a one-page description of report) Goals and Management Emphasis Areas for the 1980's for National Forests of North Carolina, circa (1983). contains one-page description) Strategic Plan for the National Marine Fisheries Service's North Pacific Albacore Fishery Program January 18-19 (1984). Southwest Fisheries Center, La Jolla, CA. 29 pages Report of Problem Identification Session and Problem Resolution Session for Agricultural Research Service, May 22 (1984). Center for Interactive Management, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. 39 pages Solving Managerial Problems in Laboratory Quality Assurance July 17 (1984). Interactive Management Corporation, Charlottesville, VA. 27 The Role of Systems Engineering at NADAC for the Naval Surface Weapons Center, Dahlgren, VA, December 17 (1984). Interactive Management Corporation, Chantilly, VA. 62 pages Goals Identification and Structuring Session of Executive Committee of Fairfax Chamber of Commerce, November 30 (1984). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 41 pages. EPA's Seminar on Reliability Concepts in the Design of Publicly Owned Treatment Works for Environmental Protection Agency, December 15, (1984). Interactive Management Corporation, Chantilly, VA. 30 pages plus appendices. Region I and Region II Interactive Management Workshops for Georgia Forestry Commission, May (1984) (Contains one-page description of reports). Nominal Group Approach: Improving Forest Effectiveness and Efficiency for Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forests, April 24-26 (1984). (Contains a one-page description of this report). Regional Management Team Meeting: Emphasis Activities for the Next Five Years for Region 8, USDA Forest Service, June 13-14 (1984). U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Atlanta, GA.(Contains one-page description of reports). General Management Review - George Washington and Jefferson National Forests for General Management Review Team, (circa 1983-84).(Contains one-page description of report). Jefferson National Forest Organizational Meeting for Jefferson National Forest, August 15-16 (1984) (Contains one-page description of report). Southern Region Fisheries and Wildlife Program Managers Workshop for Region 8, USDA Forest Service, circa (1984)). Fisheries, Wildlife and Range Staff Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Atlanta, GA. (Contains one-page description of report). Designing Action Plans for Managing Laboratory Quality Assurance for Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease, June 25-26 (1985). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 60 pages. Agricultural Research Service Management Retreat, June 12-13 (1985). Interactive Management Corporation, Chantilly, VA. 63 pages. The Emergence of a New GMU Image for the 1990's, April 30 (1985). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 50 pages. North Pacific Fisheries Forum for National Marine Fisheries Service and National Fisheries Institute, February 4-6 (1985). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 90 pages. Goal Identification and Structuring Session of the Advisory Council of Public Technology, Inc., October 5 (1985). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 35 pages. Tuna Fisheries Forum for National Marine Fisheries Service, September 11-12 (1985). Office of Science & Technology, National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C. 31 pages. Application of Interactive Management at the U. S. Forest Service, January 22 (1985). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. (Executive Summary only. No full report was written.). Report on the Followup Session of the Alliance for Nursing Organizations, November (1986). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 32 pages. Curriculum Workshop: Mathematics for Computer Science for National Science Foundation, November 10-11 (1986) and May 4 (1987). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 52 pages. Improving the Research and Development Procurement Process for DARPA-Related Projects, March 24-25 and April 15 (1986). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 42 pages. Tribal Governance Issue Management for American Indians for Opportunity AIO), September 29-30 (1986). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 69 pages. Understanding Defense Systems Acquisition Management in a Form That Supports Action Planning, December 15-17 (1986). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 61 pages. Report on the Issues Identification and Structuring Session of the Alliance for Nursing Organizations, June 23-24 (1986). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 59 pages. Redesigning the National Marine Fisheries Service for the 1990's for National Marine Fisheries Service, February (1986). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 117 pages. Organizational Design Session of Public Technology, Inc., April 4 (1986). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 27 pages. Building a Consensus on a Winnebago Self-Sufficiency Plan for Winnebago Tribal Council, July 30-31 (1987). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 58 pages plus appendices. Moving Toward Effective Participation of Tribal Governments in the U. S. Federal System for American Indians for Opportunity AIO), June 29 (1987). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 45 pages. The Future of Volunteers in Human Services: Effecting Change for Fairfax/Falls Church United Way and TRW, Inc., November 5 (1987). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 85 pages. Special Seminar on Acquisition Management Alternatives for Defense Systems Management College, November 30-December 4 (1987). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 72 pages. The Future of Volunteers in Human Services: A Commitment to Action for Fairfax/Falls Church United Way, March (1987). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 71 pages. Defining the Self-Care Situation for the Self-Care Institute, November 9-10 (1987). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 45 pages. American Public Power Association Fuel Cell Market Workshop Draft), October 27-28 (1987). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.. Associated Catholic Charities Long Range Planning Retreat, August 24-27 (1987). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 47 pages. Designing a National Facility for Advanced Manufacturing and Concurrent Engineering Research for West Virginia University and General Electric Corporation, June 9-10 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 61 pages. Analysis of the Current Situation of the Associated Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Washington, June 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 81 pages. Definition and Design of a General Training Course for Classification Officers/Analysts for the Meridien Corporation/U. S. Department of Energy, March 2-3 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 49 pages. Designing a New Student Union Program for George Mason University, August 15-17 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 75 pages. Issue Management Forum for the Poarch Band of Creek Indians for Americans for Indian Opportunity AIO), July 15-17 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 67 pages. Forum on the Future of Pediatric Nursing: Looking Toward the 21st Century, May 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 93 pages. Human Service Needs: Setting Priorities for Fairfax/Falls Church United Way and TRW, Inc., September 17 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 41 pages. Shared Governance in Selected Pennsylvania School Districts for School District Superintendents of Pennsylvania and University of Pennsylvania Center for School Study, August 4-5 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 51 pages. Developing a Design Culture in Higher Education: A Workshop for University of The Aegean, August 24-27 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 87 pages. First Report on Smart Munitions Acquisition Management for Defense Systems Management College, Air-to-Surface Session, August 1-3 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 47 pages Second Report on Smart Munitions Acquisition Management for Defense Systems Management College, Surface-to-Surface Session, September 12-14 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 65 pages. Third Report on Smart Munitions Acquisition Management for Defense Systems Management College, Surface-to-Air Session, September 19-21 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 62 pages. Fourth Report on Smart Munitions Acquisition Management for Defense Systems Management College, Air-to-Air Session, September 27-29 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 75 pages. Final Report on Improving Smart Munitions Acquisition Management, February 1989). Office of Munitions, Department of Defense, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 327 pages. Research Initiatives in the Photonics Field for Defense Manufacturing Office of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, August 1989). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 53 pages. Strategic Human Resource Planning for the Naval Surface Warfare Center, October 19-20 and November 15-16 1988). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 141 pages. Overcoming Barriers to the Effective Participation of Tribal Governments in the Federal System for Americans for Indian Opportunity AIO), February 21 1989). American Institute for Interactive Management, Fairfax, VA. 48 pages. Long-Range Planning Guidebook for the Communications Department, June (1987) with updates 1988) and 1989). Center for Interactive Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Looseleaf notebook. Report on the Department of Defense Fuze Industry Workshop, IDA Paper P2386, March 7-9, l990, Alexandria, VA. Institute for Defense Analyses, 1801 N. Beauregard St., Alexandria, Virginia, 22311-1772. Technical Managers Advanced Workshop 903S , March 14-15, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Fort Belvoir, VA. 37p. Industrial Base Workshop, July 17-19, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 82p. Risk Reduction/Management Workshop, November 6-7, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 44p. Concurrent Engineering Workshop. TMAW 911, November 14-15, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 68p. Requirements/Resource Allocation/Acquisition Process Alignment Workshop, November 27-28, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 39p. Program Oversight Workshop, November 29-30, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 29p. Industrial Base Workshop, December 11-12, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 31p. Concurrent Engineering Workshop, December 17-21, 1990. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 51 Designing the Future of the Comanche Tribe, at Cameron College, Lawton Oklahoma, February 21-24, 1990. Americans for Indian Opportunity, Washington, D.C. 23p. Designing the Page Program of the Future. Page Executive Committee in cooperation with Institute for Advanced Study in the Integrative Sciences and Dept. of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Designing the Economic Future of the Menominee Peoples, An Interactive Management Workshop held at Keshena, Wisconsin, December 1,2,& 3, 1990. Americans for Indian Opportunity, Washington, D.C., 32p. Contractor Integrated Technical Information Service CITIS) Workshop Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, January 22-25, 1991.TMAW 913S) Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 75p. Report on the DoD Workshops on Concurrent Engineering, Nov. 1415, 1990, Dec. 17-21, 1990, and Jan. 28-29, 1991. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 96 p., Appendices AF. NADIBO/Critical Technologies Rationalization Workshop, Ft. Belvoir, Va., February 27-March 1, 1991. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 38 p. Technical Managers Advanced Workshop 912 TMAW 912) June 17-21 and July 23-24, 1991. Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, VA. 67p. Promoting Greater Community Participation in Comanche Tribal Governance: Planning Sessions held March 26-28 & May 13-15, 1991. Americans for Indian Opportunity, Washington, D.C. and Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK. 23p. + 14 page addenda. Designing the Future of the Comanche: Report of Planning and Design Sessions held in Lawton, Oklahoma, July 12-13 & September 27-28. 1991. Americans for Indian Opportunity, Washington, D.C., and Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK. 17p. + 24 page addenda. Designing the Facilitator Role For the Tribal Issues Management System TIMS), July 28-August 1, 1991. Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK. 20p. + figure pages. Designing the Future of the Cheyenne & Arapaho: Report of Planning and Design Sessions held at Concho, Oklahoma, November 13-15, 1991 & April 3-4, 1992. Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK. 20p.+ 17p. addenda of figures, lists and tables. Designing the Future of the Apache: Report of Planning and Design Sessions held in Anadarko, Oklahoma, January 21-23 and April 1-2, 1992. Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK. 17p. plus a 15p. addenda of figures, lists and tables. Designing the Future of the Pawnee; Report of Planning and Design Sessions held at Pawnee, Oklahoma July 15-17 & August 4-6, 1992. Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity, Norman, OK. 24p. + 18 page addenda of figures, lists and tables. _________________________________________________________________ Last update: December 29, 1996