Helmut Hasse: H"ohere Algebra I and II , Berlin 1926
who wrote <capital gamma> for the integers,
<capital rho> for the rationals
and kept to this notation also in his later books on number
theory,
Otto Haupt: Einf"uhrung in die Algebra I and II , Leipzig 1929
who wrote <italic> G <upper index (0)> for the integers,
<capital rho , upper index (0)> for the rationals
van der Waerden: Moderne Algebra I , Berlin 1930
who wrote C for the integers,
<capital gamma> for the rationals.
In editions during the sixties, van der Waerden changed to Z
and Q .
So there seems to be no earlier occurrence of Z and Q than that
in Bourbaki's Alg\ebre, Chap. 1
I wonder about the suggestion made by Mr.Conway that Q may have a
connection with the German word Querschnitt, i.e. cross section.
W.F.