[MATHEDCC] Re: unpleasant integral

mark snyder (msnyder@TIAC.NET)
Fri, 12 Jun 1998 01:35:20 -0500

At 4:49 PM -0700 6/11/98, Larry Pack wrote:
>I have been working on a problem for the past two weeks that has proved to
>be rather troublesome. It is the integral of (tan x)^(1/2)dx. I have run
>out of ideas. Any help anybody could provide would be greatly appreciated.
>
> Thank you,
> Larry Pack
> larrypack@jps.net

Hi Larry,

It's a very troublesome integral.

Start out by setting tanx = u^2. This then makes the integrand

2u^2/(1+u^4) du.

This is just a rational function of u, so it can be integrated by using
partial fractions (if it's still called that).

Write 1+u^4 as a difference of squares by adding and subtracting 2u^2, then
factor the difference of squares as usual.

Use partial fractions to write the integrand as a sum of two terms of the
form u/(quadratic function of u).

Complete the square in the denominator, and shift the integration variable.
You will then get an answer which is a sum of logs and arctans.

The result is:

(1/(2sqrt(2)))*ln[{tanx + 1 - sqrt(2tanx)}/{tanx + 1 + sqrt(2tanx)}]

+

(1/sqrt(2))*arctan{sqrt(2tanx)/(1-sqrt(tanx))}

(where I used the addition formula for the arctan to pretty it up a bit).

As I said, it's sort of a mess....

If you have a lot of free time now that classes are finished, you might try
showing that the integral of ln(cosx) from 0 to pi/2 is (-)ln2...

Or find cos20cos40cos80 (all in degrees)...

mark snyder
fitchburg state college

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