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| 80% of Herero Tribe in present-day Namibia killed by German Government | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded | 1915-22: Armenian Genocide carried out by Ottoman Empire | 1918-21: 100,000-250,000 Ukranian Jews killed in Government-sponsored pogroms | US grants women right to vote |
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Nazi Party Platform adopted | Hitler writes Mein Kampf in prison | Snyder Act extends citizenship to all Native Americans born in US | 1932-33: 38 million Ukrainians die in famine created by former Soviet Union |
Hitler appointed Reich Chancellor; Reichstag fire; Gestapo formed; Sterilization Laws enacted; Dachau concentration camp established | SA purged in Night of the Long Knives; SS made independent organization; Hindenburg dies; Hitler becomes Führer | Nuremberg Race Laws passed; Jewish performers and artists forced to join Jewish Cultural Unions | 1936-39: 400,000-500,00 political dissidents killed by former Soviet Union |
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Rhineland occupied; Hitler and Mussolini form Rome-Berlin Axis; Himmler appointed head of German Police; Nazis set up Office for Combating Homosexuality and Abortions (by healthy women); Olympic Games begin in Berlin | Buchenwald opens | Mauthausen concentration camp established; Anschluss; Evian Conference; Munich Agreement; Sudentenland occupied; Grynszpan kills Rath; Kristallnacht; 26,000 Jews sent to concentration camps | SS St Louis, carrying 930 Jewish refugees, turned away from Cuba, US, elsewhere, returns to Europe; Occupaton of Czechoslovakia; Soviet-German Non-Agression Pact; German invasion of Poland; Polish Jews required to wear yellow star; Eichmann put in charge of Jewish affairs; Word War II begins | Germany invades Denmark, Norway, France, Holland and Belgium; Auschwitz established, Höss made camp commandant; ghettos in Lodz, Krakow and Warsaw sealed off; gas vans first used to kill mental patients |
The ship "Struma", carrying 769 Jews, leaves Romania for Palestine, is turned back; Germany attacks the Soviet Union; 34,000 Jews massacred in Odessa, 34,000 in Kiev, 15,000 in Rovno, 27,000 in Riga and 32,000 in Vilna; Chelmno and Majdanek open; German Jews forced to wear yellow stars; Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters World War II | Wannsee Conference; Belzec, Sorbibor and Treblinka death camps opened; 300,000 Jews deported from Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka; Zyklon B first used at Auschwitz; "Struma" sunk in Black Sea by Soviet submarine |
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; revolts at Sorbibor and Treblinka | 476,000 Jews deported from Hungary to Auschwitz; D-Day; Majdanek death camp liberated; revolt at Auschwitz | Yalta Conference; Buchenwald and Bergen-Belsen liberated; Germany surrenders; US drops atom bomb on Hiroshima, Nagasaki; Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal begins | UN General Assembly adopts Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Geneva Conventions provide standards for more humane treatment for prisoners of war | UN adopts Convention on the Status of Refugees | Immigration and Naturalization Act ends racial and ethnic barriers to naturalization of aliens in US | UN adopts Convention on Political rights of Women | Racial segregation declared unconstitutional in US | Uprising in Tibet in response to 1949-50 Chinese invasion; 1/5 of Tibetans die between 1959-79 | 1960-96: Guatemalan Government targets Mayans during 30 years of civil war | Eichmann tried in Israel for crimes against humanity, convicted and executed | Over 20,000 Tutsis killed by Hutus in Rwanda; 150,000 Tutsis refugees flee to Burundi & Uganda | 600,000 political dissidents killed by Indonesian Government | 500,000-2 million Ibos die of starvation in Nigeria during Biafran Civil War | At least 150,000 Hutus killed by the Tutsi-led army in Burundi |
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At least 5,000 Tutsis killed by Hutus in Rwanda; school children are targeted |
1975-79: Khmer Rouge kill 3 million Cambodians |
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1975-Present: Over 200,000 Timorese die under Indonesian occupation | US Department of State
creates human rights bureau | 1980-Present: Over 200 Bahá'ís killed by Islamic Republic of Iran | UN adopts Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance Based on Religion or Belief | UN adopts Convention Against Torture | 1988-Present: 180,000 Kurds disappeared, 4,000 villages razed, by Iraqi Government |
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US ratifies Genocide Convention | China massacres students in Tiananmen Square | 1992-1995: Mass murder of Muslims by Serbs during Bosnian Civil War: "ethnic cleansing" | Criminal Tribunal on the Former Yugoslavia established at The Hague; first international crimes tribunal since the Nuremberg Trials | The first UN High Commissioner for Human Rights is installed | Yukoslav Government commits atrocities against ethnic Albanians in Kosovo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mauricio Lasansky born in Buenos Aires, Argentina |
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Larry Rivers born in the Bronx, New York | Gerda Meyer-Bernstein born in Germany | Netty Vanderpol born in Holland | Edith Altman born in Germany | Samuel Bak born |
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Gabrielle Rossmer born in Bamberg, Germany | Mindy Weisel born in Germany | Art Spiegelman born in Stockholm, Sweden |
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Group with Blue Angel |
|
Kaddish #2, Kaddish #7, Kaddish #8 | Landscapes of Jewish History: Ponar | Triptych | Barbed Souls | #15 from Wrappings | Jew, Transports | Terezin, Death Is..., Memorial, Erasing the Past, Erasing the Past II | ...And All the King's Horses..., Our Most Important Product | The Apotheosis of Krupp, Primo Levi: Witness Drawing | Maus, Just, Shadows of Auschwitz, Eastern Tours, Beating Station | Kvitl Shoah, Holocaust #2, Holocaust #5, Holocaust #6, Memorial to the Jews of Lodz #2 | Shrine, Holocaust #15, The Jews of Lodz and Krakow #13, Last Journey, Journey II, Crawlspace, Attic in Sastin, Conversations with Rzeszow, In Search of the Lost Object, Prayer by the Wall | Reclaiming the Symbol, Peace in Our Time, Memorial to the Jews of Lodz #3, The Jews of Prague #13 | Maria Spitzer, Rena Grynbalt, Henryk Werdinger, Jadzia Strykowska, Josef Neumann, Heinz Katz, The Building of the Temple | Vilno Ghetto, Crematory Schlafwagen, Drowned and Saved | Abraham and Sarah in Auschwitz | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||